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Exploring Plant Biology: Anatomy, Physiology & Evolution

Delve into the intricate world of plant biology, from anatomy and physiology to biochemistry and ecology. Explore the essentials of photosynthesis, including the Calvin Cycle and factors affecting the rate of this vital process.

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Exploring Plant Biology: Anatomy, Physiology & Evolution

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  1. Plant Biology

  2. Why study plants? • Nearly all living organisms are dependent on plants

  3. What is • Botany is the study of the anatomy and physiology of plants

  4. What are the different types of plant biology? • Plant anatomy and morphology • Plant physiology • Plant biochemistry • Plant ecology • Genetics • Evolution

  5. Plants in the News • Increased carbon dioxide levels in air restrict plants' ability to absorb nutrients • Drought tolerance in plants • Flower find provides real-time insight into evolution

  6. Cells • Animal Cell • Plant Cell

  7. Plant Cell Organelles • Nucleus • Endoplasmic reticulum • Ribosomes • Mitochondria • Chloroplasts • Vacuoule • Other Parts of the cell • Cytoplasm • Cell membrane • Cell wall

  8. Label the Plant Cell Worksheet

  9. Plant Cell Model Lab • Materials • Lab Write up worksheet • Plant Cell worksheet • Container of Jell-O • Fruit, candy, etc

  10. Introduction • Plants do photosynthesis • Autotrophic nutrition

  11. Photosynthesis • Light • Radiation • Travels in waves • Packets of energy called photons

  12. Wavelength • Distance between crests or troughs

  13. Visible light • 3,600Å & 7,600Å (Angstrom = 1 ten-thousandth of a micrometer)

  14. Photosynthetic Pigments • Pigment is a substance that absorbs light of particular wavelengths • Chlorophyll A & B

  15. Chloroplasts • Where chlorophyll is found in most plants

  16. Essentials of Photosynthesis • 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy →C6H12O6 + 6O2 • The actual process is much more complex than this simple equation shows.

  17. Light Reactions [1st stage of photosynthesis{require light}] • Chlorophyll absorbs light • Electrons in chlorophyll get excited • When electrons drop back to rest state that energy brings about three types of chemical reactions

  18. Photolysis (light to split) • Water is split into hydrogen and Oxygen • O2 goes into atmosphere • Transfer of hydrogen • Hydrogen gets transferred to NADP (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) • Becomes NADPH2

  19. Formation of ATP • Some of the electron energy is used to form molecules of ATP

  20. Calvin Cycle (2nd stage of photosynthesis) • Does not require light • Carbon dioxide is converted to carbohydrates. (carbon fixation) • Require ATP and NADPH2

  21. Calvin Cycle • CO2 combines with a 5-carbon sugar ribulose diphosphate (RDP) • The 6-carbon molecule is unstable and quickly breaks down to two molecules • Phosphoglycerate (PGA) the 3-carbon compound.

  22. Calvin Cycle continued • ATP and NADPH2 transfer energy and hydrogen to PGA changing it to • PGAL (phosphoglyceraldehyde)

  23. Calvin Cycle Continued • 2 PGAL (3-carbon) get combined together and become the 6-carbon sugar glucose. • Some PGAL is also used as the starting point for the synthesis of fats and amino acids.

  24. Factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis • Temperature • Light intensity • CO2 level (to an extent) • Water • Minerals • Mg, N2 • Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu

  25. Photosynthesis Worksheet

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