Martin Luther - Reformation

1. Martin Luther - Reformation By Alice Crawford and Taylor Chinn

2. 1. Core Problem with Catholic Church in 1500 • The services were in Latin, the bible was in Latin so peasants couldn't read it, the priests had several different jobs and wouldn't help peasants when they asked for it, priests disobeyed rules.

3. 2. Character involved in Martin Luther’s argument with the Catholic Church Pre-Reformers • Jan Hus – (1374-1415) – His views were not popular with the church, he was a teacher, he taught that only god was able to forgive sin • Girolamo Savonarola – (1452 – 1498) – he was a monk, spoke forcefully against the church, he was excommunicated from the church • Peter Waldo – (1140-1217) – Was once a wealthy man that heard that the only way to God was to sell all his possessions, He then lived a life of poverty and service. He then went against the church and was persecuted. • John Wycliffe – (1329-1384) – was a leading philosopher, fell into conflict with catholic church and was condemned by the Pope, one of his achievements was translating the bible to English

4. 2. Character involved in Martin Luther’s argument with the Catholic Church Reformers • Ulrich Zwingli – (1484-1531) – He denounced the use of music, pictures and sculptures in the church. He disagreed with Luther in that he believed that the bread and wine of the mass were a memorial, rather than the literal body and blood of Christ. • William Tyndale – (1496-1561) – He was the first man to translate the new testament into the English language. • Philip Melanchthon – (1497-1560) – He was a humanist that was good friends with Luther. • Katharina Von Bora – (1499-1552) – She was the wife of Martin Luther. She was an orphan in a nunnery and then escaped. She married Martin Luther and they had 6 children. • John Knox – (1505-1572) – Was the leading reformer and the founder of Presbyterianism in Scotland. • John Calvin – (1509-1564) – He agreed with Martin Luther’s ideas • Martin Bucer – (1491-1551) - • Theodore Beza – (1519-1605) - He was a talented translator like Luther and helped translate the bible

5. 3. Martin Luther’s Problems with the Catholic Church • The main reasons why Martin Luther was against the Catholic Church, was because the Catholic Church was taking advantage of their believers by telling them buying your way out of your sins are the key to going to live with god when you die.

6. 4. The Churches Response • The Catholic Church condemned Martin Luther as a heretic, excommunicated him from the Church and refuted those of his writings that were against the Faith.

7. 5. The outcome of Luther’s actions on Europe • He translated the Bible into the language of the people and translated the mass into the vernacular. He is also credited with increased literacy for the common man, the popularization of public schooling and the education of women. He translated the Bible into colloquial German so it could be understood by everyone. They were printed copies of the Latin Vulgate which most people could not read. He also restored many authentic Christian doctrines and abolished many unfounded heresies. Luther abolished compulsory celibacy of the clergy and helped to restore the political concept of "the freedom of religion."