1 / 35

Body Systems

Body Systems. Chapters 14-17 plus Nervous & Endocrine notes. Defining a system. What is a body system?. A combination of organs working together to maintain life and homeostasis . Homeostasis – the internal balance and stability of an organism Cells  Tissues  Organs  Systems.

eitan
Download Presentation

Body Systems

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Body Systems Chapters 14-17 plus Nervous & Endocrine notes

  2. Defining a system • What is a body system? • A combination of organs working together to maintain life and homeostasis. • Homeostasis – the internal balance and stability of an organism • Cells  Tissues  Organs  Systems

  3. Defining a system • What are the 11 body systems? • Skeletal • Muscular • Integumentary • Digestive • Excretory • Respiratory • Cardiovascular (Circulatory) • Immune (Lymphatic) • Endocrine • Nervous • Reproductive

  4. Skeletal System (pages 443-449) • What is the skeletal system? (page 443) • What are the 4 function of the skeletal system? (pages 443-444) • The system that contains bones as well as other structures that connect and protect the bones and that support other functions in the body. • Support • Movement • Protection • Production & storage (produces blood, stores & releases calcium)

  5. Skeletal System (pages 443-449) • Draw a cross section of a typical bone and draw in the following parts (pgs 445-446): • Compact bone tissue • Spongy bone tissue • Bone marrow • Cartilage • Periosteum

  6. Skeletal System (pages 443-449) • What are the 3 types of movable bone joints and how do each one of them move? (pg 447) • What is a broken bone called? (pg 448) • What is arthritis? (pg 448) • What is osteoporosis? (pg 448) • Ball & socket – move and rotate in nearly all directions • Hinge – back and forth • Pivot – rotate • Fracture • Disease in which joints become irritated or inflamed, such as when cartilage in joints is damaged or wears away. • Another bone disease which causes bones to weaken and become brittle.

  7. Skeletal System (pages 443-449) • How can you keep your bones healthy? (pg 449) • How does the skeletal system help to maintain homeostasis? (pg 449) • Exercise & diet (calcium & vitamin D) • Bones supply calcium to your nerves, muscles, and heart. Bones also help you to respond to unpleasant stimuli by working with your muscles.

  8. Muscular System (pgs453-457) • What is a muscle? (pg 453) • What are the 4 functions of the muscular system? (pg 453-454) • Describe the 3 types of muscle tissue: (pg 455-456) • A strong tissue that can contract in an orderly way • Movement • Stability • Protection • Temperature regulation • Skeletal – attaches to bone, voluntary • Cardiac – found only in the heart, involuntary • Smooth – smooth appearance, involuntary

  9. Muscular System (pgs453-457) • How can you keep your muscles healthy? (pg 457) • How can muscles help to maintain homeostasis? (pg 457) • Healthy diet • Exercise • They convert chemical energy into thermal energy to keep your body warm. • When you need it, cardiac muscle will contract more often to pump blood and oxygen to your cells faster

  10. Integumentary System (pages 461-466) • What is the integumentary system? (pg 461) • What are the 5 functions of the integumentary system? (pg 461-462) • System that includes all the external coverings of the body, including the skin, hair, and nails. • Protection • Sensory response • Temperature regulation • Production of vitamin D • Elimination

  11. Integumentary System (pages 461-466) • Draw and label the layers of the skin. Describe the following layers: (pg 463) • Epidermis • Dermis • Fatty Layer • How can you keep your skin healthy? (pg 466) • How does your skin help to maintain homeostasis? (pg 466) • Protect it from sunlight • Healthy diet • Lotion & gentle soaps • Vitamin D • Protection from outside substances • Regulate your body temperature • React to stimuli

  12. Digestive System (479-493) • Name and describe the 2 types of digestion. (pgs 488-489) • List the organs that food will pass through in your digestive system and describe what happens at each organ. (490-493) Mechanical – food is physically broken down into smaller pieces Chemical – chemical reactions break food down into smaller molecules

  13. Digestive System (479-493) • How is bacteria used in digestion? (pg 493) • How does the digestive system help to maintain homeostasis? (pg 493) • Help digests food and produces vitamins and amino acids. • Provides energy and nutrient for the body

  14. Digestive System (479-493) • Why do you eat? (pg 479) • What are the 6 main types of daily nutrients your body needs? (pgs 480-482) • Provides energy and nutrient for the body • Proteins • Carbohydrates • Vitamins • Minerals • Fats • Water

  15. Excretory System (pages 497-502) • What is the excretory system? (pg 497) • What substances are excreted or eliminated from your body? (pg 498) • Collects and eliminates waste from the body and regulates the level of fluid in the body • Undigested waste (Dig. Sys) • Sweat – fluid & salts (Integumentary Sys) • Urine (Urinary Sys) • Carbon Dioxide (Respiratory Sys)

  16. Excretory System (pages 497-502) • What are the organs of the urinary system and what does each organ do? (pgs 499-501) • How does the excretory system help to maintain homeostasis? (pg 502) • Removes wastes from your body

  17. Respiratory System (pages 515-519) • What are the 2 functions of the respiratory system? (pg 515) • List and describe the pathway of air once it passes through the nose/mouth. • Taking in oxygen • Breathing out carbon dioxide

  18. Circulatory System (pages 523-529) • Describe the 2 functions of the circulatory system. (pg 523) • Describe or draw the pathway of blood through the heart. (pg 525) • Transportation of food, water, oxygen, and other materials throughout the body. • Carry wastes away from cells. To body From body To lungs To lungs From lungs From body

  19. Circulatory System (pages 523-529) • What is the function of arteries? (pg 526) • What is the function of veins (pg 526) • What is the function of capillaries? (pg 526) • Carry blood away from the heart • Carry blood towards the heart • Exchange of materials -- deliver oxygen & food to the cells and pick up wastes from the cells.

  20. Circulatory System (pages 523-529) • Describe the following circulatory diseases: (pgs 528-529) • Hypertension • Artherosclerosis • Heart Attack • Stroke • Heart Failure • How does the circulatory help to maintain homeostasis? (pg 529) • Hypertension – high blood pressure (higher than 140/90 mm Hg). Normal is 120/80 mm Hg) • Artherosclerosis – buildup of fatty material within the walls of the arteries • Heart attack – part of the heart muscle dies, usually due to a lack of oxygen to the cardiac muscle • Stroke – blood clot blocks blood flow to part of the brain • Heart failure – heart doesn’t work efficiently due to previous heart attacks, damage, or bad valves • Transport food & oxygen, rids body of CO2, helps in immune response, controls body temperature.

  21. Circulatory System (pages 523-537) • What are the 3 functions of blood tissue? (pg 533) • What are the 4 parts of blood? (pg 534-535) • Transportation • Protection • Temperature regulation • Plasma (liquid part) • Platelets • Red Blood cells • White Blood cells

  22. Circulatory System (pages 523-537) • How does someone get their blood type? (pg 536) • What are the 4 ABO blood types? (pg 536) • What is an Rh factor? (pg 537) • Blood types are inherited from your parents – A, B, or O – one from each parent. • Blood types are: • A = AA or AO • B = BB or BO • AB • O = OO • Rh – a chemical marker protein found on your RBC’s. A person can be + or – for Rh factor

  23. Immune/Lymphatic System (pages 541-573) • What is the lymphatic system? (pg 541) • What are the 4 functions of the lymphatic system?(pg 541) • Part of the immune system, helps destroy microorganisms that enter the body • Absorbs extra tissue fluid that collects around cells • Absorbs fat from digestive system and transports it to the circulatory system • Filters dead cells, bacteria, viruses, and unneeded particles from tissue fluid (then returns the fluid to the circulatory system) • Fights off illnesses & infections & develops white blood cells

  24. Immune/Lymphatic System (pages 541-573) • Describe the parts of the lymphatic system. (pgs 542-544)

  25. Immune/Lymphatic System (pages 541-573) • What is the main function of the immune system? (pg 567) • Describe the first line of defense provided by the 5 different body systems (pgs 568-570) • Protect the body from foreign and harmful substances that enter the body (pathogens)

  26. Immune/Lymphatic System (pages 541-573) • What are the two responses in the second line of defense? (pgs 570-571) • What is the third line of defense in the immune system? (pg 572) • White blood cells – attack and destroy pathogens in fluid outside circulatory system • Inflammation – increases blood flow to the area and prevents the infection from spreading • Antigen (substance that causes and immune response) is identified • B cells produce antibodies • Antibodies mark the target cell for elimination or neutralize its abilities to invade or spread • T cells help to destroy the target cells • Killer T-cells • Helper T-cells

  27. Immune/Lymphatic System (pages 541-573) • What is the difference between an active immunity and a passive immunity? (pg 573) • What is a vaccination? (pg 573) • Active – your body produces its own antibodies • Passive – antibodies come from outside your body • A weakened or dead pathogen purposefully introduced into the body to create an immune response.

  28. Nervous System • What is the nervous system? • What are the functions of the nervous system? • Fast-acting control system that triggers muscle contraction or gland secretion. • Senses changes occurring inside and outside the body • Processes and interprets the sensory input and decides what should be done at each moment • Causes a response by activating muscles or glands

  29. Nervous System • How is the nervous system organized? • The nervous system can be divided into two basic parts: • Central nervous system • Brain • Spinal cord • Peripheral nervous system • Sensory neurons – input, nerves travelling towards the central nervous system • Motor neurons – output, nerves travelling away from the central nervous system

  30. Nervous system • What is a neuron? • Neurons = nerve cells • Divided into 3 parts: • Dendrite – receives stimuli • Stimuli is something that is sensed or causes a reaction • Soma – cell body, location of the nucleus and most of the organelles • Axon – transmits the signal to the next neuron

  31. Nervous System • How do neurons transmit information? • Neurons create electrical impulses after receiving chemical stimuli • Impulses begin at a synapse. • Synapse – where an axon meets a dendrite • Space in between is called a synaptic cleft or gap • Molecules called neurotransmitters are released from the axon, cross the synaptic cleft, and are received by the dendrite.

  32. Nervous system • What are the 5 special senses? • Touch – Pressure, pain, temperature • Taste (tongue)– Sweet, sour, bitter, & salty • Chemoreceptor –taste buds • Smell (nose) • Chemoreceptor – Olfactory receptors • Special sense most closely wired to emotions • Humans = 10,000 different chemical smells • Sight (eyes) • Photoreceptor: rods (light) & cones (color) • Hearing (cochlea in ear) – senses vibrations in the air • Inner ear – malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), & stapes (stirrup) • ***Balance (vestibular apparatus in ear) • Senses movement of fluid in inner ear

  33. Endocrine System • What is the endocrine system? • How is the endocrine system different from the nervous system? • An organ system of glands in the body that secrete hormones that help to regulate the body. • Hormone – a chemical messenger released into the bloodstream to create a response in the body; • Daily maintenance • Long-term changes • The nervous system is a fast-acting communicator (email) using electrical charges while the endocrine system acts slower (postal service) sending chemical packages.

  34. Endocrine System • What are some of the important glands? • Hypothalamus • Connects the endocrine & nervous systems • Sends “releasing” or “stopping” hormones to the pituitary gland. • Pituitary gland • Controls many body activities • Regulates development from infancy to adulthood • Adrenal glands • “Stress” hormones – epinephrine, norepinephrine, cortisol • Pancreas • Regulates sugar w/ insulin & glucagon • Thyroid • Metabolism regulation • Calcium & vitamin-D regulation

  35. Endocrine System • How do the glands know when to stop releasing hormones? • Glands typically stop due to a negative feedback system • When the hormone levels get too high, the hormone release is slowed down or stopped.

More Related