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Body Systems

Body Systems. The Digestive System. The Basics. We all need energy to live We get it from different sources Carbohydrates (sugars/starches) Lipids (fats/oils) Proteins (meat/lentils/beans) The Digestive system takes these sources and makes them useable to the body. Types of Digestion.

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Body Systems

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  1. Body Systems The Digestive System

  2. The Basics • We all need energy to live • We get it from different sources • Carbohydrates (sugars/starches) • Lipids (fats/oils) • Proteins (meat/lentils/beans) • The Digestive system takes these sources and makes them useable to the body

  3. Types of Digestion • Two Types… • Mechanical: physical breakdown of food • Chewing/mixing • Teeth/jaw & tongue • Chemical: breaking down large particles into smaller particles using enzymes

  4. Step 1: Mouth & Esophagus • Food enters our body through our mouth • We chew and grind it down • It also mixes with saliva which comes from 3 different saliva glands • They release theenzyme amylase • Starch molecules into sugarmolecules

  5. Aside - Carbohydrates • Why are they important? What do they do? • They are the main fuel source for our body • The energy that gets used first • Recommended that 45-60% is carbohydrates • Where do they come from? • Vegetables, grains, low-fat dairy, fruits

  6. Step 1: Mouth & Esophagus • When ready to swallow food tongue pushes the food back • Flap of skin called epiglottis moves across your windpipe • Into the esophagus it goes • It is pushed down your throat by the muscles that line the esophagus … this is peristalsis • Chewed food is known as bolus • Swallowing is known as delutition

  7. Esophagus Swallowing Video

  8. Step 2: The Stomach • A little history … • Alexis St. Martin & Dr. William Beaumont • Alexis had big wound in his left side • Could not be repaired entirely • What did they do? • Dr. Beaumont put food on a string and dangled it into the stomach

  9. Step 2: The Stomach • Food enters the stomach through a sphincter (esophageal) • Muscular wall of the stomach mixes it around with the gastric juices • What is that? • Water • Mucus • Hydrochloric Acid • Digestive Enzymes

  10. Step 2: The Stomach • The acid, enzymes and water liquefy the food and break it down chemically • It passes into the small intestine through another sphincter (pyloric) • Why do we need mucus in the stomach? • So acid does not burn a hole thru the stomach! Acid Video

  11. Step 2: The Stomach

  12. Step 3: Gastrointestinal Tract • The pancreas, a large gland in the back of the stomach, helps break down food, sends digestive enzymes into the small intestine • Enzymes complete the breakdown of starches and proteins into small particles which are more easilyabsorbed by the body

  13. Step 3: Gastrointestinal Tract • The liver produces a substance called bile (which is stored in the gall bladder) • The gall bladder sends bile into the small intestine, where it breaks up large amounts of lipids into small drops

  14. Step 3: Gastrointestinal Tract • When food is broken down into smaller particles, the small intestine absorbs these particles. • The inner surface of the small intestine contains villi (small, finger like objects). • Villi increases the surface area of the intestine to help absorb nutrients. • Villus is covered with epithelial tissue & food molecules get absorbed by this tissue.

  15. Digestive System

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