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Danish technical handbook for VMS

Danish technical handbook for VMS. What signs are VMS ?. This is not a variable message sign. A variable message sign must not alternate between messages, or flash with text, symbol or frame, or show motion symbols.

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Danish technical handbook for VMS

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  1. Danish technical handbook for VMS What signs are VMS ?

  2. This is not a variable message sign A variable message sign must not alternate between messages, or flash with text, symbol or frame, or show motion symbols. Variable Message Signs are signs that can change between two or more sign faces including blank or neutral

  3. Danish technical handbook for VMS Different technologies present different options and limitations

  4. Rotating prism Light guide Flip disc matrix LED Different technologies with different options/limitations

  5. Particular options/limitations of variable message signs: - limitations in the number and types of messages 1) - monochrome or with colour 2) - luminous or retroreflective 3) - normal or opposite contrast 4) - continuous or discontinuous 5) Concepts/requirements in the handbook: 1) distinguish between categories 1, 2 and 3 2) monochrome is only accepted for text 3) retroreflective signs shall be illuminated 4) for some luminous signs,the attention achieved with the opposite contrast is considered an advantage. Other VMS shall have normal contrast 5) criteria for continuous signs, quality of discontinuous signs

  6. Some details: 1) three categories: 1 a number of predetermined messages 2 a predetermined number of characters and lines 3 free display of characters and symbols (full graphic) 2) monochrome is only accepted for text: Red borders have to be red, white parts have to be white (not yellow) 3) retroreflective signs shall be illuminated: The same criteria as for fixed signs are applied.

  7. Some details: 5) criteria for continuous signs, quality of discontinuous signs continuous signs (gaps between elements): discontinuous signs: (gaps between elements and stroke width)

  8. Quality: poor medium good continuous The font of Danish Road Signs has to be approximated

  9. Danish technical handbook for VMS How big must the sign face be ?

  10. Basis: The necessary reading time is t = 2+n/3 seconds, where n is the number of standard informations on the sign (for instance symbols and city names) This calls for a maximum reading distance D = a+Vt, where: - a is the distance where reading must stop - V is the driving speed in metres per second Demand: Supply:

  11. Requirements for letter heights – good quality of letters

  12. Requirements for letter heights – poor quality of letters

  13. Danish technical handbook for VMS Requirements for visual performance: Retroreflective signs shall comply with requirements for fixed signs Luminous signs shall comply with classes and requirements of EN 12966-1 !?

  14. Classes and requirements of EN 12966-1 Classes: Requirements: uniformity, no flicker

  15. C1 colours White is permissive, but does not allow yellow LED’s

  16. Luminance class L3 is preferred, but L2 is accepted (based on some small studies)

  17. Contrast class R2 is accepted (no studies) R1 R2 R3

  18. Beam width class B4 is normally preferred (depends on the situation)

  19. Danish technical handbook for VMS Additional requirements for visual performance

  20. Maximum permissible luminances (all luminance classes) Danish handbook: reduction to 50% Those at 40 000 lx are too high (eye damage) --------- -------- -------- -------- -------- ------- 31 100 26 350 18 600 9 300 7 750 3 100

  21. Minimum luminances (luminance class L2) Standard; a luminance control is implied, but not secured       Danish handbook; requirements for: - detector (directional and spectral) - luminance - illuminance function

  22. Minimum luminances (luminance class L2) Danish handbook; requirements are added Standard; a balance between colours is implied, but not secured (for instance maximum red is higher than minimum white)      

  23. Handbook Requirements: No disturbing luminance variations No visible changes between luminance steps more often than 5 seconds

  24. Danish technical handbook for VMS Physical requirements: VMS shall comply with classes and requirements of EN 12966-1

  25. Classes and requirements of EN 12966-1 *) a classification of IP classes ? (IP45, IP55 and IP66) *) Classes: Temperature: T2 is preferred (-15 to +55 C) Pollution: D class (conductivity caused by dust, condensation, rain and snow) ? Protection: minimum IP 55 Requirements: Resistance to loads, impact resistance, vibration resistance, nominal voltage, mains frequency, power up activation, switch off voltage response, voltage interruption, temporary overvoltage, electrical safety and electromagnetic compatibility

  26. Danish technical handbook for VMS Other requirements

  27. Change over time: Messages: when the sign is not in use (black) when there is a failure (out of order) Control and monitoring (e.g. logging)

  28. Danish technical handbook for VMS Thank you for your attention

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