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Notes

Notes. Grading Scale now posted on website. Generalizing Results. GENERALIZING TO OTHER POPULATIONS OF RESEARCH PARTICIPANTS. College Students Volunteers Gender Considerations Locale Generalization as a Statistical Interaction. Generalization as a Statistical Interaction. A. B. Males.

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  1. Notes • Grading Scale now posted on website

  2. Generalizing Results

  3. GENERALIZING TO OTHER POPULATIONS OF RESEARCH PARTICIPANTS • College Students • Volunteers • Gender Considerations • Locale • Generalization as a Statistical Interaction

  4. Generalization as a Statistical Interaction A B Males Males High High High High Females Females Aggression Aggression Aggression Aggression Low Low Low Low Low High Low High Low High Low High D C Males Crowding Crowding Crowding Crowding Males Females Females

  5. GENERALIZING TO OTHER POPULATIONS OF RESEARCH PARTICIPANTS • In Defense of College Students and Rats • Is there a sound reason that results from college students wouldn’t generalize? • Replication • The point of using rats is to generalize to humans

  6. CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS • Until recently experiments conducted with college students in the U.S. were primarily White and reflected college student population • Today most samples of college students are ethnically diverse matching the more modern diverse population in college

  7. CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS • Important to be aware of the ways in which the operational definitions of the constructs that we study are grounded in a particular cultural meaning

  8. GENERALIZING TO OTHER EXPERIMENTERS • The Experimenter’s influence on subjects needs to be constant throughout the experiment • Personality • Gender • Experience

  9. PRETESTS AND GENERALIZATION • Should a Pretest Be Given? • Enables Researcher to Assess Mortality Effects

  10. GENERALIZING FROM LABORATORY FINDINGS • Mundane and Experimental Realism • Mundane: Whether the experiment bears similarity to events that occur in the real world • Experimental: Whether the experiment has an impact on the participants, involves them, and makes them take the experiment seriously

  11. THE IMPORTANCE OF REPLICATIONS • Exact Replications • An attempt to replicate precisely the procedures of a study to see whether the same results are obtained • Conceptual Replications • The use of different procedures to replicate a research finding

  12. EVALUATING GENERALIZATIONS VIA LITERATURE REVIEWS AND META-ANALYSIS • Literature Review Provides Information That: • Summarizes what has been found • Tells the reader what findings are strongly supported and those that are only weakly supported in the literature • Points out inconsistent findings and areas in which research is lacking • Discusses future directions for research

  13. EVALUATING GENERALIZATIONS VIA LITERATURE REVIEWS AND META-ANALYSIS • Meta-analysis: method for determining the reliability of a finding by examining the results from many different studies • Researcher combines actual results

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