Alex Hoehn Assoc. Director Engineering

1. PGBA4 / CGBA2 Payload on ISS.9ABioServe Space TechnologiesA Life Sciences – NASA Commercial Space Center CGBA PGBA Alex Hoehn Assoc. Director Engineering BioServe Space Technologies, 429, UCB, Boulder, CO 80309-0429, Tel. (303) 492-1005, Fax (303) 492-8883

2. PGBA-4 – STS-112 / ISS.9A

3. PGBA-4 – STS-112 / ISS.9A

4. PGBA-4 – STS-112 / ISS.9A Payload Overview PGBA-4 / STS-112 – ISS.9A -> ISS.11A – Inc.5 : • Science Summary. • Reflight (4th) of PGBA, first ISS flight. • Modifications since STS-94. • Split coolant system / dual pump. • Modified nutrient delivery for timed germination. Plant Access on Orbit: • Open Payload on Orbit • Reverification of plant chamber seal.

5. Science Overview Investigate time course of genetic changes due to microgravity exposure: • 30 Arabidopsis thaliana plants: • Biologically simple (mustard-type plant). • Fast growth rate – matures in 4-6 weeks. • Entire genome sequenced. • Two crops during Inc.5, automated, time- staggered germination, some germinated pre-launch: • 1st crop sown pre-flight, multiple automated germinations, single harvest, fixed on-orbit. • 2nd crop sown in-flight, automated germination, fixed on ground post-flight. Mature plant, 4-6 weeks. Plant as harvested from PGBA, 3 weeks.

6. PGBA Payload Overview PGBA-03: STS-94 in Proto-EXPRESS / Spacelab. PGBA-04: Mufflers for ISS. STS-77: 10 day mission STS-83: 4 day aborted MSL-1 STS-94: 16 day MSL-1 No PGBA anomalies,but: - transfer issues / lesson learned

7. Transfer Operations: PGBA to / from ISS PGBA Transfer: Middeck to Spacelab, STS-94.

8. Operations: Open PGBA Faceplate • Plant Chamber lid still closed: • Inspect for free water. • 4 locker latches open. • Faceplate rotated around bottom edge (hinged).

9. Remove Plant Chamber Lid Screws 10 captive fasteners (1-2 turns). Pull lid uniformly (parallel) from chamber.

10. Harvesting Plant Reach in, rotate each insert 2-3 turns ccw, then remove insert with plant. Repeat for all 30 plants, fix and store in CGBA. Insert new seed plug, rotate cw until tight. Harvesting / Insertion of new seed plug (30x) into PGBA.

11. ISS Operations – Harvesting Fixative Tube • Remove fixative tube from CGBA, harvest plant, place plant in tube, attach plunger rod, inject fixative - slowly, store in CGBA. • Repeat for entire PGBA crop 30x. End cap – remove to insert plant Plunger rod – connect after plant insertion

12. Operations – Sowing Removable Plug • Place new dry seed plugs into PGBA root tray, one at a time (30x). • Close chamber lid, hand-tighten 10 captive fasteners 2-3 times to ensure good seal. • Close PGBA faceplate, aligning pins and locking latches (4x). • Reconnect cables, power up PGBA. • Replace mufflers. • Perform PGBA Status Check. Plastic Covered Steel Wire Small Plastic Centrifuge Tube Plastic Felt Line

13. Re-Attach and Re-seal Plant Chamber Lid Tighten screws 2-3 times around Attach chamber lid and push down. Tighten 10 captive fasteners (1-2 turns) going around perimeter until finger-tight. Finger-tighten 1-2 more times to ensure proper seal. (Optional battery-powered screw driver with Phillips head bit.) 5 2-3 times 4 1 2 3

14. PGBA Plant Chamber

15. Atmosphere Treatment System

16. Atmosphere Treatment System • Atmosphere Treatment Cartridge: • Barium Hydroxide • Activated Charcoal • 3 levels of containment: • Stainless steel frit • Glass mesh • Stainless steel screen

17. Humidity Control / Condensate Recovery

18. PGBA-4 Pictures

19. PGBA-4 Pictures

20. PGBA-4 Pictures

21. PGBA-4 Pictures

22. PGBA-4 Pictures

23. PGBA-4 Pictures

24. PGBA-4 Pictures

25. PGBA-4 Pictures