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Synthetic Jet Actuators for Aerodynamic Control

Synthetic Jet Actuators for Aerodynamic Control. Jeffrey D. Bennett Trinity University Allison K. Jones Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology Anita W. Leung University of Michigan Colleen E. Rainbolt Purdue University. Research Internships in Science and Engineering

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Synthetic Jet Actuators for Aerodynamic Control

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  1. Synthetic Jet Actuators for Aerodynamic Control Jeffrey D. Bennett Trinity University Allison K. Jones Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology Anita W. Leung University of Michigan Colleen E. Rainbolt Purdue University Research Internships in Science and Engineering University of Maryland, College Park, MD

  2. Objectives • Background • Methods • Actuator design • Pressure analysis • Control algorithm • Wind tunnel testing • Results • Analysis • Conclusion

  3. Background • What is a synthetic jet? • Previous Research • Smith, B. L. and Glezer, A., 1997 • Lachowizc, J. T. Yao. C-S, and Wlezien, R. W., 1998 • Rathnasingham, R. and Breuer, K. S., 1996 • Hassan, A. A. and JanakiRam, R. D., 1998

  4. Background • What is a Micro Air Vehicle (MAV)?

  5. Project Goals • Explore the applications of synthetic jet actuators to the control of the flow about Micro Air Vehicles with the final goal of providing improved aerodynamic performance and flight control • Study the use of synthetic jets for aerodynamic control in a range of fluid dynamic regimes • Perform flow visualization techniques to aid in understanding the interaction effects in arrays of synthetic jets.

  6. Wing Design • Airfoil: NACA 0012 • Wing Dimensions: 3” x 6” • Shell Fabrication Method: • Sand wings • Bake in mold • Cover with fiberglass • Bake in mold • Remove core

  7. Pressure Tap Design Pressure tap design #1 Pressure tap design #2 • Designed taps to transfer pressure from airflow over the wing to a pressure reading device

  8. Actuator Design • Diaphragm attached to individual airfoil sections • Actuators designed to: • Be small • Produce ample displacement Actuator Design #1 Various exit nozzles

  9. What is a PZT? • Lead Zirconium Titanate • Ceramic Material • Expands and contracts with applied AC voltage • Prior work demonstrated PZT as useful driver for synthetic jets

  10. Wing Fabrication • Wing sections connected with threaded rod • Actuators share common ground • Covered in fiberglass shell (not shown)

  11. Control System Design • Allow for precise data acquisition • User varies: • On/Off states • Amplitude • Frequency Simulink algorithm dSPACE controls

  12. Flow Wing Surface Actuators Actuators Control System Benefits Flow • Roll Control • Varied Jet Control Wing Surface Actuators

  13. Locating Resonance Frequencies

  14. Flow Visualization • Using flow visualization, the bubble was observed at 14º angle of attack • In theory, using synthetic jet actuators will keep flow attached at higher angles of attack

  15. Measurements • Applied force causes strain gages produce a voltage drop • Allows measurement of lift and drag

  16. Wind Tunnel Setup • Electronics Setup • Digital pressure sensor • Variable gain amplifiers • Digital multimeters • Function generator • Setup #1 • Open wind tunnel • Wing mounted vertically • Setup #2 • Closed test section • Wing mounted horizontally

  17. Results • Constructed testable airfoil • Collected data in wind tunnels, varying: • frequencies • angles of attack • exit nozzle diameter

  18. Analysis • Some collected data disagreed significantly with theoretical values • Actuator effects were often indiscernible from signal noise

  19. Conclusions • More testing needed to determine the effect of synthetic jet actuators • More sensitive equipment needed to test on small scale • Gained experience in such areas as: • Wind tunnel testing • Prototype design and construction • Modern research methods and techniques

  20. Future Work • Different actuator design • Multiple rows of actuators • Vary exit nozzles • Shape • Size • Angle • Different pressure sensing apparatus • Implement fuzzy logic and/or neural networks into the controls

  21. Contact Information • Jeffrey D. Bennett--Jeffrey.bennett@trinity.edu • Trinity University • Engineering Sciences • Allison K. Jones -- Allison.k.jones@rose-hulman.edu • Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology • Physics and Applied Continuous Mathematics • Anita W. Leung -- awleung@umich.edu • University of Michigan • Aerospace Engineering • Colleen E. Rainbolt -- rainbolt@purdue.edu • Purdue University • Aerospace Engineering

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