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Presents: History of Microbiology

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Presents: History of Microbiology

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    1. College of the Canyons, Department of Biological Sciences Presents: History of Microbiology … or How a Science Develops

    2. 1590 Janssen Principle of the microscope

    3. 1665 Hooke Cell Biology

    4. 1680 Leeuwenhoek Dutch merchant

    5. 1680 Leeuwenhoek Described “animalcules”

    6. 1680 Redi Attacked the concept of abiogenesis (macro)

    7. 1750 Needham Set back the concept of “omne vivum ex vivo”

    8. 1774 Spallanzani “vital force”

    9. 1776 Spallanzani Hermetically sealed flasks excluded oxygen

    10. 1836 Schulze Use of acids & bases

    11. 1837 Schwann Use of heat

    12. 1850-1875 Pasteur A chemist

    13. 1850-1875 Pasteur Disproved abiogenesis (micro)

    14. 1850-1875 Pasteur Proved microorganisms as causative agents in putrefaction and fermentation

    15. 1850 - 1875 Koch Established isolation techniques

    16. 1850 - 1875 Koch Proved the nature of a specific organism for a specific disease (Henle’s postulates)

    17. 1850 - 1875 Koch Proved germ theory

    18. 1875-1915 Golden Age continues

    19. 1875-1915 Golden Age continues Winogradsky Soil

    20. 1875-1915 Golden Age continues Soxhlet Dairy

    21. 1875-1915 Golden Age continues Burrill Plant pathology

    22. 1875-1915 Golden Age continues Iwanoski Virology

    23. 1928 Fleming Discovered Penicillin

    24. 1928 Griffith Transformation

    25. 1932 Domagk Sulfa drugs

    26. 1936 Stanley Crystallized a virus

    27. 1938 Molecular Biology

    28. 1942 Beadle & Tatum “One gene, one enzyme”

    29. 1943 Electron Microscope

    30. 1944 Avery Molecular genetics

    31. 1944 Avery DNA heredity

    32. 1945 Chain & Florey Discovered effects & use of penicillin

    33. 1946 Lederberg Bacterial genetics

    34. 1950 Enders Growth of viruses

    35. 1953 The War of the Worlds

    36. 1955 Salk Polio vaccine

    37. 1955 Watson & Crick Double helix (DNA structure)

    38. 1960 Porter Immuno-chemistry

    39. 1960 Porter Elucidation of antibody molecules

    40. 1968 Niremberg Synthesized a polypeptide

    41. 1970 Khorana Synthesized a gene

    42. 1970 Functional aspects of a recombinant gene

    43. 1970 Isolation of restriction endonucleases

    44. 1972 Berg Recombinant DNA

    45. 1975 Baltimore Identification of reverse transcriptase

    46. 1976 Sanger Rapid sequencing of bases in synthetic DNA production

    47. 1977 Gilbert Synthesis of useful non-bacterial proteins (insulin & interferon) by bacteria

    48. 1980 AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

    49. 1983 Eli Lily Co. Marketing of human insulin based on recombinant DNA, biotechnology market

    50. 1987 Tonegawa Genetic principle of antibody diversity

    51. 1989 Bishop & Varmus Genetic basis of cancer

    52. 1990 Anderson & Blaese (NIH) First approved gene therapy experiment

    53. 1996 Ho “Cocktail” therapy for AIDS

    54. 1997-1999 “Attack of the Clones”

    55. 21st Century Human Genome Project Results Genomics Proteomics

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