Circulatory and Immune System

1. Circulatory and Immune System Mrs. Border’s 7th grade science

2. Warm up pg 3 IAN Write down the following question on page 3 of your IAN. • Why is it so important for a medical provider to be sure of the blood type of both patient and donor blood before giving a transfusion?

3. Blood • Blood carries oxygen from your lungs to your body cells, and carbon dioxide from your cells to your lungs to be exhaled. • Blood carries waste products from your cells to your kidneys to be removed. • Blood transports nutrients to your body’s cells. • Cells and molecules in blood fight infections and heal wounds.

4. Parts of Blood • Plasma- liquid part of blood • Made mostly of water • Nutrients, minerals, and oxygen are dissolved in plasma. • Red blood cells supply your body with oxygen. • Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, which is a chemical that can carry oxygen and carbon dioxide. • White blood cells enter infected tissues, destroy bacteria and viruses, and absorb dead cells.

5. Parts of the blood • Your body reacts to invaders by increasing the number of white blood cells. • White blood cells enter infected issues, destroy bacteria and viruses, and absorb dead cells. • Platelets are irregularly shaped cell fragments that help clot blood. • Blood clotting platelets and clotting factors plug up a wound. • Platelets stick to a wound and release chemicals.

6. Parts of blood • Threadlike fibers called fibrin, form a sticky net, which helps make a clot. • Skin cells then begin the repair process • Blood types- are chemical identification tags in the blood. • Types A, B, and AB- based on antigens • Type O has no antigens. • Type AB has no antibodies, so it can receive blood from any type. • Rh Factor is another chemical identification tag in blood.

7. Blood diseases • Anemia affects red blood cells. • Body tissues can’t get enough oxygen and are unable to carry on usual activities • Causes include a loss of large amounts of blood, diet lacking in iron, or heredity • Leukemia- affects white blood cells • Immature white blood cells are made in excessive numbers. • The excess cells don’t fight infection well; they fill the bone marrow crowding out normal cells.

8. Discussion question pg 3 • Why is it so important for a medical provider to be sure of the blood type of both patient and donor blood before giving a transfusion? • Answer • If the wrong kind of blood is given, the antibodies in a patient’s blood combine with the antigens in the donor blood to form blood clots.

9. Warm up Pg5 Write the question on page 5 of your IAN • How does blood deliver and remove material from the cells?

10. Brainpop • http://www.brainpop.com/health/personalhealth/bloodtypes/

11. Circulation notes pg 6 Your cardio vascular system includes the blood, heart, and blood vessels. Heart- controls blood flow through all parts of the body • Has four chambers • Atrium- upper two chambers; ventricles- lower two chambers • Blood flows only from an atrium to a ventricle. • A wall between the two atriums or the two ventricles separates oxygen-rich blood from oxygen poor blood.

12. Circulation notes pg 6 2. Circulatory system- divided into three sections a. Coronary circulation is the flow of blood to and from the tissues of the heart. b. In pulmonary circulation, blood flows through the heart to the lungs, where carbon dioxide and other waste materials diffuse out, oxygen diffuses in, and the blood goes back to the heart. c. Systemic circulation moves oxygen-rich blood to all the organs and the body tissues, except the heart and lungs, and returns the oxygen poor blood to the heart.

13. Circulation notes pg 6 C. Blood vessels carry blood to every part of your body. 1. Arteries are blood vessels that move blood aways from the heart. 2. Veins carry blood back to the heart. 3. Capillaries are microscopic blood vessels that connect arteries to veins. D. Blood pressure is the force of the blood on the walls of the blood vessels. 1. Blood pressure is the highest in arteries and lowest in veins. A rise and fall of pressure occurs with each heartbeat.

14. Circulation pg 6 2. Your brain tries to keep your blood pressure constant. Your brain sends messages to your heart to raise or lower your blood pressure by speeding up or slowing down your heart rate. E. Cardio vascular disease- the leading cause of death in the United States. 1. atherosclerosis- fatty deposits build up on arterial walls and clog arteries 2. hypertension- high blood pressure 3. Prevention

15. Circulation system pg 6 • Follow a healthful diet, exercise, and have regular checkup. • Avoid smoking; it increases carbon monoxide in the blood making the heart beat faster. F. The lymphatic system collects tissue fluid and returns it to the blood. • Lymph- Tissue fluid that contain water and dissolved substances a. Contains lymphocytes- type of white blood cell that helps the body defend itself against disease causing organisms.

16. Circulation system pg 6 2. Lymph Nodes- bean shaped organs of varying size found throughout the body; filter microorganisms and foreign materials from lymphocytes.

17. Discussion question pg 5 • How does blood deliver and remove material from the cells? • Answer • Oxygen-rich blood leaves the heart and travels through arteries to the rest of the body. From the arteries, blood squeezes into tiny capillaries, which touch every cell in the body. In the capillaries, oxygen diffuses into cells, and carbon dioxide and wastes diffuses out of the cells into the capillaries. Then the capillaries move the blood into veins, which move it back to the heart, and then to the lungs for cleaning.