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Daily Life (1600-1800)

Intro Society’s Structure Nobility England vs. French The “Masses” Mortality Rates Family Women’s Lives Peasant Life Pugachev Rebellion Urban Workers & Guilds Fun/Entertainment. Key Terms Bourgeoisie Family Economy Cottage Industry Dowry Corv ée Emelian Pugachev Apprentice

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Daily Life (1600-1800)

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  1. Intro Society’s Structure Nobility England vs. French The “Masses” Mortality Rates Family Women’s Lives Peasant Life Pugachev Rebellion Urban Workers & Guilds Fun/Entertainment Key Terms Bourgeoisie Family Economy Cottage Industry Dowry Corvée Emelian Pugachev Apprentice Journeyman Master Daily Life (1600-1800)

  2. Bourgeoisie • General term for “middle class” (primarily in France) • Included shopkeepers, skilled workers, business owners, bankers, etc.

  3. Nobles/Lords: 1-5% Clergy: 5-10% Bourgeoisie: 5-10% The “Masses” 75-85%

  4. England About 400 families (House of Lords) Passed all laws France Nobles of Sword (served the king); Nobles of Robe (purchased a title) Nobles did not pay taxes! Nobility in England & France

  5. Bolshoi Ballet started as a dance school in 1700s • Theater opened in 1800s Bolshoi Theater, Moscow

  6. The Nobility & Fun • Gambling, adultery, hunting, tennis, opera, ballet, dances & elaborate dinner parties, salons, etc. • Food: Breads and wine/hard liquor & coffee; greater amounts of food were available & exotic spices

  7. French Nobility(Dress & Manners) Men wore wigs; 1,200 shops Culottes (Knee breeches) The diameter of some dresses was nine feet across

  8. The Masses: Mortality Rates • Average life expectancy: 15-20 years shorter for the “Masses” than nobility (Hôtel Dieu) • Disease & Accidents = biggest killers • Diet was monotonous & not balanced: • Staples-Black bread & beer • For most, very little meat or fresh vegetables Hospital For The Poor

  9. Family Life • Men/Fathers: Plowing, planting, running a shop; also became migrant workers • Women/Mothers:“Carriers,” childrearing/ raising, “Deputy Husbands; earned extra $$$ • Children: Laborers (age seven) • 25% of infants died before age one; 55% before age ten • Servants:Laborers, but weren’t slaves Peasant Family in France

  10. Cottage Industry • Spinning Wheel • Women set their own pace & made extra money

  11. Girl With A Pearl Earring • She worked as a servant to help earn money for her family • Others might work to earn money for a dowry Griet

  12. Dowry Childbirth & Abandonment; many women worked as “wet nurses” or prostitutes (40-60,000 in Paris) “Rule of Thumb” It was legal to beat one’s wife with a stick as long as the stick was no thicker than the husband’s thumb Women • Wealth given by a bride to her husband upon marriage • Women often worked 10 years to build their dowry

  13. Peasant Life • About 75% of Europe’s population lived as peasants/serfs. • Peasants “rented” land from Nobles. • Peasants could be bought, sold & traded.

  14. Nobles & Clergy-did not pay taxes; Peasants & Bourgeoisie paid taxes Tax System In France • Those with the least wealth paid the most in taxes • Corvée: Peasants worked 12-15 days of unpaid labor per year for the state (roads, bridges, etc)

  15. Pugachev Rebellion(1773-1774) • A former soldier who led a mass rebellion attacking serfdom & monarchy of Catherine the Great. • Controlled a large area in eastern Russia including Kazan. • He was captured, tortured and executed; ending the rebellion. Emelian Pugachev (c. 1742-1775)

  16. Guild System(Early industry) • Master- Shop-owner (if they had enough money & connections). • Journeyman- After completing seven year apprenticeship they could receive “Journeyman Papers.” Received wage plus room & board. • Apprentice-worked for room & board only (seven year term), but with a hope of advancement. • Unskilled Laborer-received room & board with little or no hope of advancement.

  17. Master Journeymen Apprentice Unskilled Laborers

  18. “The Masses” & FunPublic Punishments

  19. Fun: For Rich & PoorGambling/Card-playing, Casinos, Lottery

  20. “The Masses” & FunGambling On Cockfights Razor-sharp

  21. “The Masses” & FunTaverns In London, the average male consumed 100 gallons of beer or ale per year (one quart per day).

  22. “The Masses” & FunReligious Ceremonies: A Christening

  23. “The Masses” & FunSoccer

  24. Intro Society’s Structure Nobility England vs. French The “Masses” Mortality Rates Family Women’s Lives Peasant Life Pugachev Rebellion Urban Workers & Guilds Fun/Entertainment Key Terms Bourgeoisie Family Economy Cottage Industry Dowry Corvée Emelian Pugachev Apprentice Journeyman Master Daily Life (1600-1800)

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