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Welcome. Quick Appraisal of NREGS in Uttar Pradesh. IIM Lucknow was entrusted with undertaking Quick Appraisal of NREGS in five districts of Uttar Pradesh: Sl. District 1 Bareilly 2 Jalaun 3 Jhansi 4 Gorakhpur 5 Kushinagar . Quick Appraisal Report.
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Welcome Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow
IIM Lucknow was entrusted with undertaking Quick Appraisal of NREGS in five districts of Uttar Pradesh: Sl.District 1 Bareilly 2 Jalaun 3 Jhansi 4 Gorakhpur 5 Kushinagar Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow
Quick Appraisal Report • Structure of Report: • Introduction • Sample Selection & Research Methodology • Overall Findings & Analysis: 5 Selected Districts • Impact of NREGS • Implementation of NREGS Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow
Quick Appraisal Report • Structure of Report (Contd...): 4. District-wise Findings & Analysis 5. Inferences 6. Recommendations 7. Annexure • Survey Tools: • Beneficiary Schedule • Non-Beneficiary Schedule Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow
Quick Appraisal • District Selection Criteria: • The Districts for Quick Appraisal of NREGS were selected in consultation with the State Government based on following criteria : • Districts which have experienced significant positive impact under NREGA. • Districts which have experienced constraints to the optimal performance of the scheme. Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow
Quick Appraisal • Sample Selection: Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow
Quick Appraisal • Sample Size: Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow
Quick Appraisal Sampling Design: Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow
Research Methodology • Specific Issues for Appraisal: • Impact of NREGS: • Supplementing Employment and Livelihood Opportunities • Economic and Social Empowerment of Women through equal wages, greater work opportunities • Increase in Income and wages • Inclusive Growth particularly for disadvantaged groups- BPL/SC/ST/disabled Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow
Research Methodology • Specific Issues for Appraisal: • Impact of NREGS: • Financial Inclusion-Bringing the marginalized into the formal banking system • Creation of Durable & Productive assets & Effective Convergence practices • Regeneration of natural resource base through plantation, afforestation, water conservation and other activities • Stemming of Migration (at the level of the village, district and/or state) Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow
Research Methodology • Specific Issues for Appraisal: • Impact of NREGS: • Strengthening of Panchayati Raj Institutions • Ensuring transparency & accountability • Building social capital • Other Multiplier effects of NREGA • Any innovation/ best practice/ case studies/ beneficiary narratives Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow
Research Methodology • Specific Issues for Appraisal: • Implementation of NREGS: • Awareness Generation through information Education & Communication • Registration & Job Card • Application for Employment • Work Process • Planning • Execution Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow
Research Methodology • Specific Issues for Appraisal: • Implementation of NREGS: • Wage Payment • Record Maintenance • Human Resources • Monitoring & Vigilance • Management Information System (MIS) • Social Audits & Grievance Redressal • Flow of Funds Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow
Research Methodology • Data for the Study: • Secondary Data: • State Level • District Level • Block Level • Gram Panchayat/ Village Level • Primary Data: • Stakeholders Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow
Research Methodology • Techniques and Tools used for Research: • Qualitative: • Focus Group Discussions • Interviews with District/ Block/ Village Level Officials • Quantitative: • Field Visits • Survey Schedules • Beneficiary • Non-Beneficiary Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow
Research Methodology • Quick Appraisal of NREGS: • Qualitative Issues: • Aspects related to Implementation of Scheme Knowledge Perception Behavior Experience Attitude Non-Beneficiary Beneficiary Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow
Findings & Analysis • Overview of NREGS: 5 Selected Districts • Impact of NREGS • Survey findings are based on: • 400 Beneficiary respondents • 604 persons registered on job cards of 400 Beneficiaries • 580 (96%) out of 604 were provided employment Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow
Findings & Analysis • Impact of NREGS • Supplementing Employment and Livelihood Opportunities • On Average 42 days work is demanded by a person registered & 63 days per HH. • On Average 44 days work has been provided to those who demanded work (2006-09) • Only 15% HH demanded & 6.25% of 400 HH were provided 100 days employment Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow
Findings & Analysis • Impact of NREGS • Economic and Social Empowerment of Women through equal wages, greater work opportunities • Majority (80.2%) of Beneficiaries (persons provided work) are Male • Only 19.8% Beneficiaries (persons provided work) are Female Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow
Findings & Analysis • Impact of NREGS • Increase in Income and wages • Minimum Wages paid under NREGS has increased from Rs. 58 to Rs. 100 per person per day • Local wage rate prevailing in the surveyed GPs have also increased by 15-20%. Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow
Findings & Analysis • Impact of NREGS • Inclusive Growth particularly for disadvantaged groups- BPL/ SC/ ST • 85.3% Beneficiaries belong to Below Poverty Line Category • 50% Beneficiaries belong to Scheduled Castes • 44.5% Beneficiaries belong to Other Backward Castes Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow
Findings & Analysis • Financial Inclusion-Bringing the marginalized into the formal banking system • 97.7 % Beneficiary HH are operating through Bank/ PO accounts. Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow
Findings & Analysis • Overview of NREGS: 5 Selected Districts • Implementation of NREGS • Survey findings are based on: • 400 Beneficiary respondents • 384 Non-Beneficiary respondents Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow
Findings & Analysis • Implementation of NREGS: • Awareness Generation through Information Education Communication • Radio is a major source of Information to respondents (36 %) • Role of Gram Pradhan in NREGS communication to Beneficiary (92.3 %) • Gram Sabha is general mode of IEC Dissemination in GP (62.6% respondents) Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow
Findings & Analysis • Registration & Job Card • 99% Beneficiaries apply to Gram Panchayat for NREGS registration • 85.8% Beneficiary applicants get assistance from Gram Rozgar Sevak • Job Cards Issued to beneficiaries after Verification 81.8% • Issuance of Job cards to beneficiaries within 15 days 91% • Registration of all eligible applicants 94.3% Beneficiaries Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow
Findings & Analysis • Application for Employment • Oral applications for work by 92.5% Beneficiaries • 88% Beneficiaries were never issued receipts in lieu of application for work • Only 57.8% Beneficiaries were always provided employment within 15 days Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow
Findings & Analysis • Works Process • Planning • Meeting of Gram Sabha for Selection of works (45.2% respondents) • Selection of works according to priorities of Gram Sabha (41.6% respondents) Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow
Findings & Analysis • Work Process • Execution • Improper work-site management (34% beneficiaries) • Only drinking water is made available at work-site (86.3% beneficiaries) • Muster-roll maintenance/ updation at work-site (89.6% beneficiaries) • Proper measurement of work done by workers (86.3%beneficiaries) Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow
Findings & Analysis • Wage Payment • Payment of Wages: Weekly (63.8% beneficiaries), Fortnightly (22.8% beneficiaries) • Wage payments through Bank/ PO (95.2% respondents) • Non- Issuance of Wage slip (85.5% beneficiaries) • No updation of work done, wages paid details on Job Cards (21.8% beneficiaries) Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow
Findings & Analysis • Record Maintenance • Maintenance of Job Card Register in GP (52.5% beneficiaries) • Timely & Proper updation of all NREGS records in GP (44.8% beneficiary) • Proper scrutiny of NREGS records by Officials (50.8% beneficiaries) • Non-availabilty of NREGS records on Request to Beneficiaries (38%) Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow
Findings & Analysis • Human Resources • Availability of Full Time staff (GRS) for NREGS (86.8% beneficiaries) • Unawareness about constitution of VMC in GP (80% respondents) • Monitoring & Vigilance • Monitoring & supervision of NREGS by Monitoring agencies (14.5% beneficiaries), 82% are unaware • Inspection and sample checks by Govt. Officials (63.3% beneficiaries) • No Monitoring of NREGS implementation by VMC in GP (78.8% beneficiaries) Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow
Findings & Analysis • Social Audits & Grievance Redressal • Organization of Employment Guarantee day (20.8% respondents) • Social audit conducted in GP (6.9%), Unaware (79.1%) respondents • (87.8%) Respondent’s never participated in social audit process • Complaints regarding NREGS (10.3% beneficiaries) • 80% respondents are unaware about Set-up of helpline for Grievance redressal • Unaware about Rights & process to seek information under RTI (98.7 % respondents) Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow
Recommendations • Remedial Actions • Strengthening of Information, Education and communication of NREGS • Improving the participation of Women • Mahila Gram Rozgar Sevaks may be appointed • Awareness about season specific demand for employment under NREGS Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow
Recommendations • Accounts may be opened preferably in the name of women workers to empower them • Banking system to be made more cooperative • Strengthening of computerised MIS at Block Level • Adequate Full time Staff for NREGS & Training • No charges in any form should be taken for Job Cards Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow
Recommendations • Written applications should be encouraged • Planning to be strengthened and made transparent • Work-site facilities to be improved • VMCs to be made more popular • Monitoring & Evaluation to be strengthened • Record maintenance to be made more efficient Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow
Issues Flagged for Discussion • Need of shift from project mode to mission mode • Re-orientation of all the stakeholders particularly Panchayati Raj System and administrative set-up • Definition of household to be disseminated and made popular • 100 days guarantee must be at individual level not household • Look for dovetailing with annual district plan • Multi-faceted strategy for mission-mode Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow
Thank You Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow