1 / 11

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Many molecules important to living organisms some are quite small----> water many important ones are very large ----> macromolecules 4 major types found in living organisms : carbohydrates lipids proteins nucleic acids

elina
Download Presentation

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. ORGANIC CHEMISTRY • Many molecules important to living organisms • some are quite small----> water • many important ones are very large ---->macromolecules • 4 major types found in living organisms: • carbohydrates • lipids • proteins • nucleic acids

  2. Chemistry of Water

  3. Living things are composed of organic molecules, which means that they contain carbon • carbon has four electrons in outer shell which can bond with other atoms • carbon can be linked to other carbons or atoms such as hydrogen (H), oxygen (O) and nitrogen(N) • long links of these carbons can form into chains or rings • Some organic molecules ONLY contain linked carbons and hydrogen ---->hydrocarbons (ex: methane) • living organisms tend to be composed of very long and unreactive carbon chains (unlike methane, which is very reactive!)

  4. In organic chemistry, molecules with similar properties are grouped together • These all have similar groups of atoms, and these groups of atoms are called functional groups • Functional groups can provide physical and chemical properties such as polarity and acidity (ex; carboxyl, -COOH, is a weak acid) • Most reactions in living organisms involves the transfer of a functional group from one molecule to another • The following is a list of common functional groups • OHHydroxyl • COCarbonyl • COOHCarboxyl • NH2Amino • SHSulfhydryl • PO4 Phosphate • CH3Methyl

  5. Construction of Macromolecules • many macromolecules are polymers, which means that they are constructed of many linked identical or similar subunits • How are macromolecules made? Remove an OH from one molecule, and an H from another molecule • this requires energy • it is called dehydration synthesis (do you see the water above?!) • in living organisms, enzymes assist in these reactions • Macromolecules are disassembled in the opposite way, by adding a water molecule (OH added to one, H to another subunit) • this releases energy • reactions of this type are called hydrolysis

  6. Dehydration Synthesis

More Related