290 likes | 413 Views
THE HISTORY OF THE FEDERAL TRIO PROGRAMS Amber Mitchell Rose State College Student Support Services *Information in this presentation was obtained from Milestones of TRiO History, Part I & II by John Groutt. Growing Awareness.
E N D
THE HISTORY OF THE FEDERAL TRIO PROGRAMSAmber MitchellRose State CollegeStudent Support Services*Information in this presentation was obtained from Milestones of TRiO History, Part I & II by John Groutt
Growing Awareness • The Other America: Poverty in the United States Michael Harrington • Our Invisible Poor Dwight McDonald • Council of Economic Advisors • Walter Heller, Chair
War On Poverty President Johnson War on Poverty Task Force on Poverty Sargent Shriver Economic Opportunity Act of 1964
Upward Bound Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 • Office of Economic Opportunity • Demonstration & Research Office Stanley Salett • Policy: Office of Economic Opportunity Administration: Private Agencies • Processed applications • Monitored programs • Conducted sight visits
Snapshot Review • What two publications helped expose poverty as a national issue? • How was Walter Heller instrumental? • Who was over the Task Force on Poverty? • What two instrumental offices were created from the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964? • Who is considered the mastermind of UB?
Talent Search Higher Education Act of 1965 • Educational Opportunity Grants James Moore & Samuel Halperin • Section 408 (17 lines) • Contracts to Encourage the Full Utilization of Educational Talent • Administration: Office of Education’s Office of Student Financial Aid
Two Very Different Beginnings TALENT SEARCH Born From: Access to higher ed for low-income Authorizing Legislation: Higher Education Act of 1965 Administered By: Office of Education, Office of Student Financial Aid Upward Bound Born From: Elimination of poverty through education Authorizing Legislation: Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 Administered By: Office of Economic Opportunity & Private Agencies
Student Support Services Higher Education Amendment of 1968 • Educational Opportunity Grants • Must identify & enroll low-income students • Support and remediate academic deficiencies • Services for Disadvantaged Students • 10% funds serve physically disabled
Growing Pains: Birth Of TRiO Office of Economic Opportunity Office of Education UB
Snapshot Review • What was the first program to provide aid to low-income students? • What legislation was this program part of? • How many lines were written to create TS? • What drove the need for SSS? • What legislation was SSS created under?
Nixon’s Decentralization 10 Regional Centers Appropriations divided based on poverty populations Regional Commissioners = full authority Disparity = meetings and congressional relations
TRiO Takes Action • 1972 SWASAP • Peter Mousolite • 1974 Fact Finding Mission • Congressional Relations
Congressional Support Second Supplemental Appropriations Act of 1972 5.8 million for a “temporary one year” program Initiated without regulations Education Amendments of 1972 Senator Jacob Javits Education Opportunity Centers VUB EOC
Snapshot Review • What ramifications did Nixon’s decentralization have on TRiO? • What was the first regional association? • How was Peter Mousolite instrumental in creating the political climate for TRiO? • What drove the need for creation of a temporary program? • Who sponsored the creation of EOC?
Higher Education Amendments of 1976 • Director of the Division of Student Support and Special Services • Routh Commission (Dorothy Routh) • Pre-collegiate - Educational Opportunity Centers • Collegiate – Institutes of Postsecondary Achievement • Training Authority for Staff Development • Service Learning Centers • TRiO Involvement
A Climate Of Change • Ford Administration Freeze • 64% increase in funding • Shirley Chisholm, Lewis Stokes • Jerry Lewis • Mid-Eastern Association of Educational Opportunity Program Personnel (MEAEOPP) • December 1977 • 21 representative of regional association
COE Collective National Voice • National Coordinating Council of Educational Opportunity Associations • Arnold Mitchem • March 1981 – National Council for Educational Opportunity Associations • June 1981- Washington, DC office • COE 1998
1980-funding Imbroglio • Carter’s Recentralization • Department of Education Organization Act of 1979 • Director of the Division of Student Support & Special Services • Grant Competition
National Demonstration Projects • Alfred Moye, Deputy Commissioner for Higher & Continuing Education • Special Emphasis Upward Bound • New Concepts Special Services for Disadvantaged Students Program
Higher Education Amendments of 1980 • Program Administration • Prior Experience Points • Increase Participant Income Level • 1/3 First-generation
Twelve-Day War • 1983 Senator Lowell Weicker • $55 million cut • Grassroots Campaign • Additional $10 million • Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Deficit Reduction Act • 30% reduction • National TRiO Day • 221 Representatives, 34 Sentators
McNair Scholars Higher Education Amendments of 1986 • Association of American Universities & Senator Paul Simon • Authorized in 1986 Amendments, did not receive appropriations 1989 • Minority component
UB M/S Continued Growth • Dr. Richard Fairley • Deputy Assistant Secretary for Postsecondary Education • No changes in authorizing legislation • Clinton, House and Senate Majority • Newt Gingrich’s Contract with America • Rep. John Kasich, House Budget Com. Chair
1998 Higher Education Amendments • Senator Jeffords • Dissemination Partnership Grants • Gear Up • Omnibus Consolidation Appropriations Act of 2001 • Amended SSS • College Completion Grant
Dark Days • FY 2003 budget message • Elimination of UB & TS
For more detailed information, please refer to John Groutt’s Milestones of TRiO History, Part I & II