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Perception

Perception. Sensory Maps (cortical maps) Plasticity Phantom limb Blind & braille. Internal : Somatosensory Cortex. External : Skin surface. “Whoa! That was a good one! Try it, Hobbs – just poke his brain right where my finger is”.

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Perception

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  1. Perception • Sensory Maps (cortical maps) • Plasticity • Phantom limb • Blind & braille

  2. Internal: Somatosensory Cortex External: Skin surface “Whoa! That was a good one! Try it, Hobbs – just poke his brain right where my finger is” Cortical Sensory Maps: A correspondence between an external dimension and an internal representation. - there is a topographic organization - Some skin areas are overrepresented in cortex

  3. 2-point discrimination Cortex (internal) Skin (external)

  4. Map in Primary Visual Cortex 1. Central vision (fovea) 2. Parafoveal vision 3. Peripheral vision Visual Field 1 2 3 1 2 Based on visual field, - fovea is overrepresented in visual cortex- peripheral vision (in blue) is underrepresented 3 The fovea has larger visual acuity: It is easier to discriminate two nearby point in the fovea than in the periphery

  5. Cortical Maps: Remapping due to lesion (Phantom limbs)

  6. Braille reading activates ‘visual’ areas in blind subjects Cortical Maps: Remapping due to long-term sensory deprivation (blindness) But is this activation causally effective, or epiphenomenal?

  7. Visual cortex is necessary for Braille reading in the blind 1. A congenitally blind woman suffered a bilateral occipital strokes & became alexic (couldn’t read Braille anymore) 2. ‘Lesioning’ occipital cortex with TMS disrupts tactile discrimination, but only in the blind

  8. Day 5: Occipital activation too Cortical Maps: Remapping due to SHORT-TERM sensory deprivation (blindfolded for 5 days) impact on cortical activation (touch finger with a brush) impact on performance (reading Braille) Day 1: Somato-sensory activation Scientific American Frontiers: Changing Your Mind, 2000 Alvaro Pascual-Leone

  9. Is occipital activation necessary for performance? • Subject blinfolded for 5 days • Discrimination task: stimulate finger with pairs of Braille letters • TMS in visual cortex for 10 mins: decreases accuracy • Take off blindfold and allow vision • TMS in visual cortex after a few hours of vision: does not affect performance!

  10. hearing: how high a frequency can you hear? • http://www.world-voices.com/software/nchtone.html

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