Chemistry Chapter 1

1. Chemistry Chapter 1

2. Five traditional areas of study are organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, biochemistry, analytical chemistry, and physical chemistry.

3. organic chemistry • the study of compounds containing carbon (1.1)

4. inorganic chemistry • the study of substances that, in general, do not contain carbon (1.1)

5. biochemistry • the areas of chemistry that focus on processes that take place in organisms (1.1)

6. analytical chemistry • the area of chemistry that focuses on the composition of matter (1.1)

7. physical chemistry • the area of chemistry that deals with the mechanism, the rate, and the energy transfer that occurs when matter undergoes a change (1.1)

8. Examine how the five branches of chemistry involve running.

15. What is Chemistry?

16. matter • anything that has mass and occupies space (1.1)

17. chemistry • the study of the composition of matter and the changes that matter undergoes (1.1)

18. Because living and nonliving things are made of matter, chemistry affects all aspects of life and most natural events

19. pure chemistry • the pursuit of chemical knowledge for its own sake

20. applied chemistry • research that is directed toward a practical goal or application

21. Pure research can lead directly to an application, but an application can exist before research is done to explain how it works

22. technology • the means by which a society provides its members with those things needed and desired

23. Why study chemistry? • Chemistry can be useful in explaining the natural world, preparing people for career opportunities, and producing informed citizens.

24. Study Chemistry to: • Explaining the Natural World • Preparing For a Career • Being an Informed Citizen

25. (1) Key Concept Explain why chemistry affects all aspects of life and most natural events.Hint • (2) Key Concept Name the five traditional areas into which chemistry can be divided.Hint • (3) Key Concept Describe the relationship between pure chemistry and applied

26. (4) Key Concept List three reasons for studying chemistry.Hint

27. 5)Workers digging a tunnel through a city find some ancient pots decorated with geometric designs. Which of the following tasks might they ask a chemist to do? Explain your answer. • Determine the materials used to make the pots. • Explain what the designs on the pots represent. • Recommend how to store the pots to prevent further damage.

28. 6)Would a geologist ask a biochemist to help identify the minerals in a rock? Explain your answer • 7)Explain how knowledge of chemistry can help you be a more informed citizen

29. Chemists design materials to fit specific needs

30. macroscopic • describes the world of objects that are large enough to see with the unaided eye

31. microscopic • describes the world of objects that can be seen only under magnification

32. Energy • Chemists play an essential role in finding ways to conserve energy, produce energy, and store energy.

33. Conservation • Production

34. Storage

35. Medicine and Biotechnology • Chemistry supplies the medicines, materials, and technology that doctors use to treat their patients.

36. Medicines • Materials • Biotechnology

37. biotechnology • the field that applies science to the production of biological products or processes

38. Agriculture • Chemists help to develop more productive crops and safer, more effective ways to protect crops

39. Productivity • Crop Protection

40. The Environment

41. pollutant • a material found in air, water, or soil that is harmful to humans and other organisms • Chemists help to identify pollutants and prevent pollution.

42. Prevent Pollution

43. The Universe • To study the universe, chemists gather data from afar and analyze matter that is brought back to Earth.

44. (8) Key Concept When chemists develop new materials, what is their general goal?Hint • (9) Key Concept Name three ways chemists help meet the demand for energy.Hint • (10) Key Concept How do chemists help doctors treat patients?Hint

45. 11) Key Concept What role do chemists play in agriculture?Hint • (12) Key Concept How do chemists help protect the environment?Hint • (13) Key Concept Describe two ways that chemists study the universe.H

46. (14)Use lead as an example to explain the meaning of the term pollutant. • (15)Use an example to compare and contrast the terms macroscopic and microscopic.

47. The word chemistry comes from alchemy. • Alchemists developed the tools and techniques for working with chemicals. • Alchemists developed processes for separating mixtures and purifying chemicals. They designed equipment that is still used today, including beakers, flasks, tongs, funnels, and the mortar and pestle

48. An Experimental Approach to Science • Lavoisier helped to transform chemistry from a science of observation to the science of measurement that it is today • Lavoisier designed a balance that could measure mass to the nearest 0.0005 gram.

49. The Scientific Method • A Nobel Prize winner in science once said that science is about “ordinary people doing ordinary things

50. scientific method • a logical, systematic approach to the solution of a scientific problem; steps in the scientific method include making observations, testing hypotheses, and developing theories (1.3)