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Chapter 12: Cell Cycle

Chapter 12: Cell Cycle. Cell Division. Reproduction Growth repair. Genome Chromosomes Somatic cells Gametic cells Chromatin (duplicates) Centromere Sister chromatids. Reproduction. Growth and Development. Tissue Renewal. Mitosis vs. Meiosis. Mitosis division of nucleus

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Chapter 12: Cell Cycle

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  1. Chapter 12: Cell Cycle

  2. Cell Division • Reproduction • Growth • repair • Genome • Chromosomes • Somatic cells • Gametic cells • Chromatin (duplicates) • Centromere • Sister chromatids

  3. Reproduction Growth and Development Tissue Renewal

  4. Mitosis vs. Meiosis • Mitosis division of nucleus • Cytokinesis division of cytoplasm • Meiosis produces gametes • Mitosis produces clones

  5. The cell cycle • The Cell Cycle (cell growth) • Interphase (90%) • G1:cell growth • S:copies chromosomes • G2:preps for division • Mitotic phase (M)

  6. What’s the purpose of Interphase? • Cell growth, produce proteins • High Metabolic Activity • Prepares for division • Single centrosomes replicates • Centrosomes move apart • Spindle Poles form

  7. Magnificent Mitosis! • PPMAT • Prophase • Prometaphase • metaphase • anaphase • telophase

  8. Prophase • What happens to the chromatin? • What happens to the nucleolus? • Sister chromatids, centromere • What happens to the nuclear envelope (membrane)?

  9. Prometaphase • Nuclear envelope dissolves • Microtubules of the spindle contact chromosomes (kineticore)

  10. Metaphase • “Meet in the Middle” • spindle microtubules • centrioles

  11. Anaphase • Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles (now called chromosomes) • spindle microtubules • centrioles

  12. Telophase and Cytokinesis • Reverse of prophase • chromatin • nucleoli • nuclear envelope • Cytokinesis

  13. Cytokinesis :a closer look • Cleavage Furrow • Occurs along old metaphase plate • Actin Microfilaments • “pulling of drawstrings” • Plants form a “cell plate” vesicles move to middle. • Cell plate fuses with plasma membrane

  14. Molecular Control • Regulation by internal and external checkpoints • G1 in mammals, if stop cell arrests in G0 phase. (nerve cells always in G0) • Cyclin dependent Kinases (Cdks) • Cyclins bind to Cdks during G2, forming MPF complex which initiates mitosis • Growth Factors: PDGF • Anchorage Dependent

  15. Checkpoints

  16. Cell Cycle Clock • Kinase Dependent: enzymes that activate or inactivate other proteins by phosphorylation. • Cyclin: protein kinase must be attached to, for enzyme to be active. Constant Conc. of Enzyme, varying conc. of cyclin • MPFs (maturation promoting factor) first Kinase discovered.

  17. Control Link Cell Cycle Game

  18. Cancer • Cancer cells • Benign tumor • Malignant tumor • Metastasis • Proto-oncogenes • Oncogenes

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