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“Consultation on THE WORLD BANK GROUP ENVIRONMENT STRATEGY” Ekko C. van Ierland January 2010 Environmental Economics and Natural Resources Group Wageningen University The Netherlands. Production. Regeneration. Consumption. Ecological system. Economic system. Natural Resources.
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“Consultation on THE WORLD BANK GROUP ENVIRONMENT STRATEGY” Ekko C. van Ierland January 2010 Environmental Economics and Natural Resources Group Wageningen University The Netherlands
Production Regeneration Consumption Ecological system Economic system Natural Resources Capital Labor Recycling Waste Stock Process Flow Interactions between economic system and ecological system: Stocks, Flows and Processes; Spatial and temporal scales
Sun Capital Labor Non-renewable resources Renewable resources Inputs Inputs Inputs Regenerated materials Production process Bio-physical process Investment Inputs Inputs Products Inputs Emission Consumption process Inputs Concentration Emission Wastes The economic system The ecological system Sun Interactions between economic system and ecological system: details
Environmental problems • Air pollution • Water use and pollution • Waste • Toxic compounds • Climate change • Loss of biodiversity • Overexploitation of natural resources
Economics • Economics deals with the efficientallocation of resources • Resources include: capital, labour and natural resources • Key question: who produces or consumes what where when and for whom? • Allocation by market and or government
Main comments 1 of 2 • Very good starting point, well balanced • But general strategy, which still can made more explicit on the crucial dilemmas • Key issues well-identified: climate, energy, water, forests, ecosystems • More attention for irreversible impacts, e.g. toxic compounds, pesticides etc. • Give detailed examples of dilemmas and how they may be solved! Be specific…
Main comments 2 of 2 • Correct emphasis on institutions • Important role for NGOs and private sector • More attention for impacts of population growth and options to reduce growth? • Exploit options of clean development mechanism and other transfer mechanisms • Correct emphasis on global benefits of ecosystem protection and payments for environmental services. • How to create local employment and income and at the same time improve the environment?