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Acidi e Basi

Acidi e Basi. HCl → H + + Cl - NaOH (s) → Na + (aq) + OH - (aq) H 2 SO 4 → 2 H + + SO 4 2- H 3 PO 4 → 3 H + + PO 4 3- Ca(OH) 2 (s) → Ca 2+ (aq) + 2 OH - (aq) NH 3 + H 2 O → NH 4 + + OH -. Acidi (e basi) forti e deboli. HCl → H + + Cl - HNO 3 → H + + NO 3 -

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Acidi e Basi

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  1. Acidi e Basi HCl → H+ + Cl - NaOH(s) → Na+(aq) + OH -(aq) H2SO4→ 2 H+ + SO42- H3PO4→ 3 H+ + PO43- Ca(OH)2(s)→ Ca2+(aq) + 2 OH -(aq) NH3 + H2O→ NH4+ + OH -

  2. Acidi (e basi) forti e deboli • HCl → H+ + Cl - • HNO3 → H+ + NO3- • CH3COOH ⇆ H+ + CH3COO - • NH3 + H2O ⇆ NH4+ + OH - • HF ⇆ H+ + F-

  3. Acidi poliprotici • H2SO4→ 2 H+ + SO42- • H2SO4→ H+ + HSO4- • HSO4-⇆ H+ + SO42- • H3PO4⇆ 3 H+ + PO43- • H3PO4⇆ H+ + H2PO4- • H2PO4-⇆ H+ + HPO42- • HPO42-⇆ H+ + PO43-

  4. Acido + Base = Sale HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O H+ + Cl - + Na+ + OH - → Na+ + Cl - + H2O H+ + OH - → H2O H2SO4 + 2 NaOH → Na2SO4 + 2 H2O H+ + OH - → H2O

  5. Formule dei sali Na+ Cl - NaCl cloruro di sodio Na+ SO42- Na2SO4solfato di sodio K+ PO43- K3PO4fosfato di potassio Ca2+ Cl - CaCl2cloruro di calcio Mg2+ PO43- Mg3(PO4)2 fosfato di magnesio K+ HSO4- KHSO4idrogenosolfato di potassio Na+ H2PO4- NaH2PO4diidrogenofosfato di sodio Na+ HPO42- Na2HPO4monoidrogenofosfato di sodio

  6. Reazioni acido-base bilanciate HNO3 + KOH→ KNO3 + H2O H2SO4 + 2 NaOH → Na2SO4 + 2 H2O H2SO4 + NaOH → NaHSO4 + H2O H3PO4 + 2 NaOH → Na2HPO4 + 2 H2O H2SO4 + Mg(OH)2→ MgSO4 + 2 H2O 2 HCl + Ba(OH)2→ BaCl2+ 2 H2O 3 Ca(OH)2 + 2 H3PO4→ Ca3(PO4)2 + 6 H2O

  7. Ammoniaca come base NH3 + H2O ⇆ NH4+ + OH - HCl + NH3→ NH4Cl H2SO4 + 2 NH3→ (NH4)2SO4

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