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O. Lahav School of Education, Tel Aviv University

Improving O&M Skills Through the Use of VE for People Who Are Blind: Past Research and Future Potential. O. Lahav School of Education, Tel Aviv University. Research Goals. Examines VEs that have been researched and developed for orientation and mobility preplanning system

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O. Lahav School of Education, Tel Aviv University

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  1. Improving O&M Skills Through the Use of VE for People Who Are Blind: Past Research and Future Potential • O. Lahav • School of Education, Tel Aviv University

  2. Research Goals • Examines VEs that have been researched and developed for orientation and mobility preplanning system • Discuss future research and development

  3. Method - Sample Selection • 21 peer reviewed papers • Papers were selected based on research topics: • Virtual environment • People who are blind • Acquisition of a cognitive map • O&M rehabilitation aids

  4. Variables - Descriptive Info. Dimension • Publication year • Affiliation • Discipline • State • Funding

  5. Variables - System Dimension • System features: type, developments’ stage, number of users, location, modality, and user’s input and output device • Haptic feedback: type and variety • Audio feedback: audio system and type of audio feedback • Interaction type: user interaction, virtual object type, operation of the virtual object, and environment scaling

  6. Variables - Research Dimension • Research type: clinic research, type of research, and research goal • Participant: participants’ visual ability, number of participants, age, and gender • Target space: VE representing real space, space complexity, and space location • Research task: length of exposure to VE, type of exploration, construction of cognitive map after exploring VE, and orientation tasks in the real space

  7. Results - Descriptive Info. Dimension • First paper published by Max and González in 1997 • Academic institutions 82% • Interdisciplinary researchers 43% • EU research community 67% • Worldwide, governments are the major funders

  8. Results - Research Dimension • Clinical research 82% • Preliminary research 67% • Research represent real spaces 67% • Simple spaces 67% • Indoor area 82% • Multimodal systems represented mainly complex spaces

  9. Results - Research Dimension • Participants preferred active exploration • VE could reduce the stress experienced, as opposed to the stress experienced in training in RS • Participants’ physically turning right or left in a VE caused disorientation

  10. Conclusions • 21 unique and creative preplanning systems developed in the past 15 years • These preplanning system aid the user to explore, to construct a cognitive map and to apply this knowledge in the real space • None of these systems is a shelf product

  11. Future Research How allocentric and egocentric spatial representation can influence: • VE exploration process • Construction of cognitive map • Real space navigation Examine outdoor complex real spaces

  12. Future Implementation • Develop affordable VEs to impact the users’ quality of life, education, and employment • Impact rehabilitation of newly blind

  13. Three years ago....

  14. Three years ago.... • Computer with screen reader • Talking clock • Mobile manager • Talking clock identifier • Talking label identifier • Smart phone with screen reader • GPS with walking direction mode and screen reader • Reader streamer (play audio content) • Scanner • Digital camera

  15. Computer with screen reader Talking clock Mobile manager Talking clock identifier Talking label identifier Cell smart phone with screen reader GPS with walking direction mode and screen reader Reader streamer (play audio content) Scanner Digital camera Three years ago....

  16. One device with one type of operation mode less cognitive load • Less expensive • Less to carry on SmartPhone with built-in voice over

  17. Youngseong Kim & Eunsol Yeom, 2010

  18. Fukushima, The University of Electro-Communications, 2011

  19. Senseg, 2011

  20. Handheld device • Use built-in abilities: screen reader, GPS and sharing information • Tactile feedback by using smart materials • User-friendly system • Dynamic data • Independent operation • Active virtual exploration • Knowledge transfer from VE to real space (install landmarks)

  21. Acknowledgements 21 research groups Graduate students: H. Gedalevitz and I. Milman European Commission, Marie Curie International Reintegration Grants (Grant No. FP7-PEOPLE-2007-4-3-IRG).

  22. Method - Procedure • Collected peer review papers using snowball sampling • Developed protocol research • Analyzed each paper twice

  23. Results - Research Dimension • Successfully VE exploration 60-100% • Cognitive maps constructed after VE exploration • Ability to apply the VE knowledge in real space 70-100%

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