Alternative Energy Sources

Alternative Energy Sources Duy Le Duc Jan Mareš

EVERYTHING WE DO IS CONNECTED TO ENERGY IN ONE FORM TO ANOTHER WHAT IS ENERGY ? ONE OF THE MOST FUNDAMENTAL PARTS OF OUR UNIVERSE ENERGY IS DEFINED AS „THE ABILLITY TO DO WORK“ ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF ENERGY NOT BASED ON THE BURNING OF FOSSILS FUELS OR SPLITTING OF ATOMS SOLAR, WIND, HYDRO, GEOTHERMAL, BIOMASS,…

WHERE IS ENERGY USED ? „ENERGY IS AN IMPORTANT PART OF OUR DAILY LIVES“ • WORK • LIGHHTS OUR CITIES • POWERS OUR VEHICLES, TRAINS AND PLAINS • WARMS OUR HOMES • COOKS OUR FOOD • PLAYS OUR MUSIC, GIVES US PICTURES ON TV „LIFE WITHOUT ENERGY IS NOT POSSIBLE “

TYPES OF ENERGY SOURCES F O S S I L F U E L S R E N E W A B L E S O U R C E S N U C L E A R P O W E R

W I N D E N E R G Y H o w d o e s i t w o r k ? Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy of the wind into other forms of energy,either mechanical or electrical energy. U t i l i z a t i o n: pumping water, grinding grain, generate electricity and charging batteries A d v e n t a g e s: Inexhaustible source NO pollution Low energy production D i s a d v e n t a g e s: Not many windy areas in the World Relatively expensive

W h e r e i t c a n b e u s e d m o s t ? In California, Danmark, Germany and Holland V o c a b u l a r y: grinding grain = mletí obilí inexhaustible = nevyčerpatelný P i c t u r e s:

S O L A R E N E R G Y B a s i c i n f o r m a t i o n The sun is very powerful sources of energy. Solar energy can be aplied in many ways. There are 3 main types:  SOLAR WATER HEATING COLLECTORS  PHOTOVOLTAIC or SOLAR ELECTRIC PANELS (cells)  SOLAR FURNACES Solar Water Heating Collectors These panels absorb the energy from the sun and transfer it to heat water

PHOTOVOLTAIC or SOLAR ELECTRIC PANELS These panels transform the solar radiation directly into electricity. SOLAR FURNACES Use a huge array of mirrors to concentrate the Sun's energy into a small space and produce very high temperatures (up to 33,000°C). This high temperature can be use to heat to make steam and drive a generator (turbines) to make electricity. At Odellio (France), there is one big mirror that is used for scientific experiments.

P i c t u r e s: A d v e n t a g e s: needs NO fuel products NO waste or pollution D i s a d v e n t a g e s: doesn´t work at night very expensive to build solar power station

H Y D R O E N E R G Y We have used running water as an energy source for thousands of years, mainly to grind corn. And now, we´re using it to make the electricity. H o w d o e s i t w o r k ? A dam is built to trap water, usually in a valley where there is an existing lake. Water is allowed to flow through tunnels in the dam, to turn turbines and thus drive generators.

A d v e n t a g e s: Once the dam is built, the energy is virtually free. No waste or pollution produced. Hydro-electric power stations can increase to full power very quickly, unlike other power stations. Electricity can be generated constantly. D i s a d v e n t a g e s: The dams are very expensive to build. It can affect to the water quality and quantity downstream or to the plant and animals life. Do you know? -The first use of water to generate electricity was in 1882 on the Fox river, in the USA. -20% of the world's electricity. -The name comes from "hydro", the Greek word for water.

G E O T H E R M A L E N E R G Y The centre of the Earth is around 6000 degress Celsius - hot enough to melt rock. Even a few kilometres down, the temperature can be over 250 degrees Celsius. In general, the temperature rises one degree Celsius for every 36 metres you go down. H o w d o e s i t w o r k ? Hot rocks underground heat water to produce steam. We drill holes down to the hot region, steam comes up, is purified and used to drive turbines, which drive electric generators. There may be natural "groundwater" in the hot rocks anyway, or we may need to drill more holes and pump water down to them.

Do you know? The first geothermal power station was built at Landrello, in Italy. Geothermal power is being used also in New Zealand Iceland, Japan, the Philippines and the United States. The name "geothermal" comes from two Greek words: "geo" means "Earth" and "thermal" means "heat". V o c a b u l a r y: steam: vodní pára purify: čistit

B I O M A S S E N E R G Y Wood was once our main fuel and we use it until now. Sugar cane is grown in some areas, and can be fermented to make alcohol, which can be burned to generate power in the same way as coal. Alternatively, the cane can be crushed and the pulp (called "bagasse") can be burned, to make steam to drive turbines. And also we can use solid, plant, animal wastes, wastesrubbish, animal manure, woodchips, seaweed, corn stalks and other wastes. H o w d o e s i t w o r k ? Electrical power sent aroud country Heat water to make steam Turbines turn generators Steam turns turbines Burn Fuel

A d v e n t a g e s: It makes sense to use waste materials where we can. The fuel tends to be cheap.Less demand on the Earth's resources. D i s a d v e n t a g e s: Collecting the waste in sufficient quantities can be difficult. We burn the fuel, so it makes greenhouse gases. Some waste materials are not available all year round. V o c a b u l a r y: cane: rákos ferment: kvasit crush: rozdrtit pulp: loupat

T H A N K Y O U for Y O U R A T T E N T I O N

Alternative Energy Sources