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Europe History

Europe History. SSWG6 The student will describe the interaction of physical and human systems that have shaped contemporary Europe. a. Describe the location of major physical features and their impact on Europe.

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Europe History

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  1. Europe History SSWG6 The student will describe the interaction of physical and human systems that have shaped contemporary Europe. a. Describe the location of major physical features and their impact on Europe. d. Describe the various ethnic and religious groups in Europe and the influence of geography on those groups and their major customs and traditions.

  2. Influences on European History Greece Rome/Italy Spain/Portugal England Ireland Germany

  3. Greece • Located at southern tip of Balkan Peninsula • Made up of many peninsulas, islands, and rugged mountains • Highest peak is Mount Olympus • 9,570 feet

  4. Greece continued • One of Europe’s earliest and most advanced civilizations • Traced back more than 2,500 years ago • Lived in city-states • City-states: self-governing city and surrounding area • Each city was independent

  5. Greece continued • Empire was first democracy • Democracy: people are able to elect government officials • Home of many great philosophers • Ex: Plato & Aristotle • Created geometry (Euclid) • Started Olympics • First held in 776 BCE • At its peak, Greek empire spread from southern Egypt to Pakistan

  6. Rome/Italy • Roman Empire started around 500 BCE • Empire stretched across much of Europe, North Africa, and Southwest Asia

  7. Rome/Italy continued • Built great aqueducts to bring water to cities • Created first European calendar with Leap Year • Built far-reaching roads throughout Europe • Roads still used today • All romance languages come from Roman Latin • French, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, and Spanish

  8. Black Plague • Infected Europe during the 1300s • Brought to Italy by Asian trading ships • Spread by infected fleas living on rats • Sufferer's skin would blacken due to hemorrhages and the extremities would darken w/ gangrene • Killed 1/3 of Europe’s population • 30 million people

  9. Spain and Portugal • Share the Iberian Peninsula • AKA: Iberia • Spain covers 85% of peninsula • 1500s—started the exploration movement • Countries built strong navies and wanted to control the world • Sailed the world looking for gold and spices • Spanish land included Central & South America, Caribbean • Portuguese controlled Africa, Asia, and S. America

  10. England • British Isles made up of 2 independent regions • Republic of Ireland (1) • United Kingdom (2) • Sometimes United Kingdom is referred to as Great Britain • England • Scotland • Wales • Northern Ireland

  11. England continued • Normans among England’s early settlers • will lay foundation of British monarchy (Battle of Hastings 1066) • Monarchy: gov’t headed by king/queen • Monarchs began to have too much power • Henry II would throw people in jail for no reason • King John began to take away town charters • 1215—Magna Carta • Limited king’s power, Gave individual’s rights • IMP B/C: ideas from the Magna Carta will later be used in the U.S. & in Great Britain https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hYXuTZWNOJo Magna Carta

  12. Industrial Revolution/England Late 1700’s British had many natural resources/money to invest in manufacturing Early 1800’s –Railroads contributed to movement of goods British colonies provided an outlet for manufactured good—demand was great Created a new system of factory labor

  13. Imperialism/England • 1600’s-1700’s-British explorers founded colonies all over the world • Britain’s colonies provided: • Raw materials (1) • markets for finished goods (2) • outlet to spread Christianity (3) • Britain’s need for colonies changed the geographic landscape ---- How? • Made British Empire bigger…more colonies…more land

  14. Ireland • Colony of Great Britain until 1921 • Mid 1800’s--- suffered from a potato famine • Famine: widespread shortage of food that may lead to severe hunger & starvation • Results: • 1 million Irish died (1) • Widespread poverty (2) • Immigration to the United States (3) • How potato famine changed Ireland’s geographic landscape? • Lessened Ireland’s population

  15. Germany • Becomes one of the most powerful countries during the early 20th Century • Major roles during WWI & WWII • Germany led by Adolf Hitler before/during World War II • Wanted to restore Germany to its former glory • Hitler blamed the Jews for many of its problems • Commits genocide against Jewish race • Genocide: the specific destruction of one particular race https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iuikQXAYVAk

  16. Division & Reunification of Germany • After WWII, Germany divided • East Germany occupied by Soviet Union --- turns communist • West Germany occupied by G. Britain, France & U.S. becomes democratic • 1961 --- Building of Berlin Wall • Built to keep communist East Germany away from democracy • Did not want others from the East to escape to the West • 103 mile wall created a physical boundary btwn 2 different political regions • Wall falls in 1989, Germany reunited in 1990

  17. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YtYdjbpBk6A Reagan Tear Down This Wall speech 1:44 min.

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