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Mapping the Mid-Atlantic Cold Pool Evolution and Variability with

Mapping the Mid-Atlantic Cold Pool Evolution and Variability with Ocean Gliders and Numerical Models W. Brown, W. Boicourt, C. Flagg, A . Gangopadhyay, O. Schofield, S. Glenn, and J. Kohut Cold Pool Context MAB Glider Measurements

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Mapping the Mid-Atlantic Cold Pool Evolution and Variability with

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  1. Mapping the Mid-Atlantic Cold Pool Evolution and Variability with • Ocean Gliders and Numerical Models • W. Brown, W. Boicourt, C. Flagg, A. Gangopadhyay, • O. Schofield, S. Glenn, and J. Kohut • Cold Pool Context • MAB Glider Measurements • Cold Pool Glider Measurements • MTS OCEANS’12 Presentation • 17 October 2012

  2. The Mid Atlantic Bight (MAB) COLD POOL NOAA/NMFS 1979 Survey Bottom Temperatures Ou & Houghton 1982 Remnant Winter Water Isolated by spring stratification Fed by Cold Water from upshelf

  3. The COLD POOL is extensive & elusive….is always evolving in TIME-SPACE….from cradle to grave Advected by downshelf flow Destroyed by autumn storms Eroded by cross-shelf exchanges

  4. Modeling suggests & Observations show an INFLOW Total temperature transport of water with T< 10oC - Cold Pool water - (in 105m3-oC) normal to the 1979 Nantucket Shoals Flux Experiment (NSFE) mooring array. Positive is toward the MAB. (adapted from Ramp et al., 1988)

  5. 2010 MODEL SIMULATIONS “…illustrate the idea, …but have a ways to go”

  6. The Conceptual Bottom-Trapped MAB COLD POOL

  7. How Do We Define and Forecast COLD POOL? …with the power of MARACOOS!Mid Atlantic Regional Association Coastal Ocean Observing System

  8. Opportunistic “slices of the COLD POOL” ..with gliders • MARACOOS • Glider Trajectory • Composite • 2003 - present • repeat cross-shelf red/orange/yel • zig-zagalong-shelf cyan • zig-zag inner-shelf dark blue • (Schofield et al., 2010). Gliders operations -virtually independent of weather …..can be maintained at sea essentially indefinitely

  9. Glider Cost Effectiveness • Ocean Gliders • - a robust tool for monitoring coastal ocean dynamics in the Middle Atlantic region - • Endurance transect time series 2003-2010 • 55 glider surveys covering over 18,000 kilometers of the NJ shelf in 826 days. • Cost estimate basis: • a full-time dedicated glider technician for glider prep and monitoring • coastal vessels for glider deployment and recovery • expenses for batteries-Iridium-insurance-nominal maintenance-repair $6 per vertical profile $47 per kilometer traversed Cost ~ 1/4 to 1/10 of a typical coastal ocean boat/ship survey.

  10. OCEAN GLIDERs can measure the COLD POOL …. hidden from a satellite’s eye 2-8 August 2011 southeast of NJ

  11. Composite Seasonal Picture • 11 Sep-14 Oct 2008 • 2008 Cold Pool loses distinctiveness • NE CP Temp ~ 9.5oC • 23 May-13 Jun 2007 • 2007 Cold Pool established • NE CP Temp ~ 5.0oC • 14 Apr-09 May2011 • 2011 Cold Pool established off NJ • NE wwTemp ~ 4.9oC • 19 Mar-12 Apr 2010 • 2010 winter waters • NE wwTemp ~ 4.5oC

  12. Eastern MAB 2012 - Warmest Year in many! 2012 Glider Temperature Transects south of Massachusetts and Rhode Island Historical Temperature Transects June 1-5 2012 T ~ 8.5oC 23-28 May 2007 T ~ 5.0oC 14-19 April 2011 T ~ 7.5oC April 1-5 2012 T ~ 4.9oC

  13. A Plan for Sustained Measurements with Data Assimilation Modeling

  14. Summary • MAB COLD POOL a challenging observational/modeling objective • Ocean Gliders are a cost-effective observational technology for measuring the Cold Pool • Data-assmilation modeling: • … an essential integrator of information (inc. glider) • … Cold Pool forecasting tool

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