ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN

1. The electron transport chain occurs in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion (in regions called “cristae”) ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ Q H+ H+ H+ H+ Cyt c H+ H+ H+ Q H+ H+ H+ Inner membrane H+ H+ NADH FADH2 O2 H+ NAD+ FAD H+ H+ H2O Fo unit Complex I Complex II Complex III Complex IV Stalk H+ F1 unit ATP ADP + Pi

2. rat poison cyanide & CO This is why we breathe

5. Proteins Fats Carbohydrates Amino acids Sugars Glycerol Fatty acids Glycolysis Glucose Glyceraldehyde-3- P NH3 Pyruvate Acetyl CoA Citric acid cycle Oxidative phosphorylation

6. Glucose AMP Glycolysis Fructose-6-phosphate Stimulates + Phosphofructokinase – – Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate Inhibits Inhibits Pyruvate ATP Citrate Acetyl CoA Citric acid cycle Oxidative phosphorylation

7. The electron transport chain occurs in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion (in regions called “cristae”) ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ Q H+ H+ H+ H+ Cyt c H+ H+ H+ Q H+ H+ H+ Inner membrane H+ H+ NADH FADH2 O2 H+ NAD+ FAD H+ H+ H2O Fo unit ATP Complex I Complex II Complex III Complex IV Stalk H+ F1 unit ATP ADP + Pi

10. Cellular respiration If electron acceptor (such as oxygen) is present ELECTRON TRANSPORT AND OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION KREBS CYCLE GLYCOLYSIS Glucose Pyruvate If electron acceptor (such as oxygen) is NOT present FERMENTATION

11. All 10 reactions of glycolysis occur in cytosol GLYCOLYSIS What goes in: ATP ATP 1 2 3 4 5 Glucose- 6-phosphate Fructose- 6-phosphate Fructose- 1,6-bisphosphate Glucose What comes out: ADP ADP Glycolysis begins with an energy-investmentphase of 2 ATP

12. PIP • Think of the beginning of “Glyco-lysis” as eating a pizza

13. Think Glucose = Pizza The common ‘hexo-pyranose’ form of Pizza

14. Meet PIP (Phosphorylate-Isomerize-Phosphorylate) • Is that really the best way to hold on to your pizza?

15. Aldolase = Fructose 1-6 Bisphosphate -> DHAP (ick) and G-3-P (tasty!)

16. Isomerase -> DHAP (ick) G-3-P (tasty!)

17. Isomerase -> G-3-P (tasty!) G-3-P (tasty!)

18. P I P [ATP] high GLYCOLYSIS Energy-investment phase What goes in: ATP ATP 1 2 3 4 5 Glucose- 6-phosphate Fructose- 6-phosphate Fructose- 1,6-bisphosphate Glucose What comes out: ADP ADP Hexokinase (capture) phosphoglucoisomerase PFK* ??????

19. PFK is highly regulated ATP at active site Fructose- 1,6-bisphosphate at active site ATP at regulatory site

20. [ATP] high Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)-dehydrogenase GLYCOLYSIS Energy-investment phase aldolase What goes in: DHAP ATP ATP P I P 1 2 3 4 5 isomerase Glucose- 6-phosphate Fructose- 6-phosphate Fructose- 1,6-bisphosphate Glucose What comes out: ADP ADP G-3-P hexokinase phosphoglucoisomerase PFK* G-3-P inhibits stimulates [ADP] [AMP]

21. Phosphoglycero(PG)-kinase Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate(G3P)-dehydrogenase PIP

22. All 10 reactions of glycolysis occur in cytosol GLYCOLYSIS What goes in: ATP ATP 1 2 3 4 5 Glucose- 6-phosphate Fructose- 6-phosphate Fructose- 1,6-bisphosphate Glucose What comes out: ADP ADP G-3-P G-3-P Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate(G3P)-dehydrogenase Glycolysis begins with an energy-investment phase of 2 ATP

23. Phosphoglycero(PG)-kinase 2 G-3-P pyruvate kinase G-3-P-dehydrogenase Energy payoff phase The “2” indicates that glucose has been split into two 3-carbon sugars 2 NAD+ 2 ADP 2 ADP 2 2 2 2 2 6 7 8 9 10 Pyruvate 1,3-BisPGA 3-PGA 2 NADH 2 ATP 2 ATP During the energy payoff phase, 4 ATP are produced for a net gain of 2 ATP

28. So... want to go to Malibu [CA, FL, AK, HI] this summer?