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Electron Transport Chain

Electron Transport Chain. Review. Glycolysis & the Krebs Cycle only produce 4 ATP/glucose Most of the energy from glucose is stored in NADH or FADH 2. Location. The Electron Transport Chain (ETC) takes place along the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane. Components.

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Electron Transport Chain

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  1. Electron Transport Chain

  2. Review • Glycolysis & the Krebs Cycle only produce 4 ATP/glucose • Most of the energy from glucose is stored in NADH or FADH2

  3. Location • The Electron Transport Chain (ETC) takes place along the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane

  4. Components • Most components of the Electron Transport Chain are protein complexes • These complexes have Prosthetic Groups • Essential non-protein components

  5. The entire Electron Transport Chain consists of 4 transmembrane structures as well as a pair of electron carriers • Most structures are made up of more than one protein

  6. NADH Dehydrogenase(Complex I) • NADH is oxidized and in turn reduces flavin mononucleotide (FMN) • FMN participates in another redox reaction with an Iron-Sulfur protein • FMN is oxidized, Fe•S is reduced

  7. First Electron Carrier • Fe•S part of NADH Dehydrogenase pass the electrons to Ubiquinone (Q) • Lipid electron carrier • Transports the electrons to Cytochrome b-c1 complex

  8. Cytochromeb-c1 Complex (Complex III) • Cytochrome b (Cyt b) accepts the electrons from Q • Electrons are passes from Cyt b to another iron-sulfur protien before being passed to Cytochrome c1

  9. Second Electron Carrier • Cytochrome c1 passes the electrons to the second electron carrier, Cytochrome c • Cytochrome c operates on the outside of the inner mitochondrial membrane (in the intermebrane space)

  10. CytochromeOxidase Complex (Complex IV) • Consists of two protein complexes: Cytochrome a and Cytochrome a3 • Cytochrome a receives the electrons from Cytochrome c and then transfers electrons to Cytochrome a3 • Cytochrome a3 passes the electrons onto Oxygen • Combines with hydrogen atoms in the Matrix to form water

  11. Each transfer of electrons is an exothermic redox reaction • The energy is used to transfer a single H+ ion into the Intermembrane Space • Oxygen (due to its high electronegativity) is the only element available to accept electrons at the end

  12. FADH2 transfers its electrons to a lower energy level than NADH • Electrons join up with Ubiquinone (Q) hence NADH 3 H+ moved FADH2  2 H+ moved FADH2 FAD

  13. Chemiosmosis • The final stage of Oxidative Phosphorylation • The complexes of the ETC create a electrochemical gradient of H+ across the inner membrane • H+ want to return to equilibrium

  14. ATP Synthase • Protein imbedded in the inner mitochrondia membrane • Allows H+ ions back through into the matrix • Uses this Proton-Motive Force to convert ADP and ATP • Each H+ ion let back into the matrix creates 1 ATP

  15. Energy Tally/Glucose Molecule Glycolysis 2 ATP Krebs Cycle 2 ATP ETC NADH (Glycolysis) 4-6 ATP NADH (Prep Step) 6 ATP NADH (Krebs) 18 ATP FADH24 ATP 36-38 ATP

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