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North Pole Environmental Observatory and Collaborating Observing Programs

North Pole Environmental Observatory and Collaborating Observing Programs. AON Workshop Boulder, CO March 28, 2007. J. Morison 1 Co-PIs: K. Aagaard 1 , K. Falkner 2 , T. Kikuchi 3 , M. McPhee 4 , R. Moritz 1 , J. Overland 5 , and M. Steele 1

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North Pole Environmental Observatory and Collaborating Observing Programs

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  1. North Pole Environmental Observatory and Collaborating Observing Programs AON Workshop Boulder, CO March 28, 2007 • J. Morison1 • Co-PIs: • K. Aagaard1, K. Falkner2, T. Kikuchi3, M. McPhee4, R. Moritz1, J. Overland5, and M. Steele1 • 1) Polar Science Center, APL-UW, Seattle WA morison@apl.washington.edu • 2) COAS Oregon State University, Corvalis OR • 3) IORGC/JAMSTEC, Yokosuka, Japan • 4) McPhee Research Co. Naches Washington • 5) NOAA/PMEL, Seattle, WA 98115-0070

  2. Genesis in the NSF-OPP Long-term Environmental Observatories Program NPEO Funded through 2008* now under the AON of the NSF-OPP Arctic Section Provide sustained sensitive indications of change over a wide area Provide opportunities to the research community to study the central Arctic Ocean with - Long-term Data - Operational & Science Support for Field Work

  3. Changes in the 1990sAtmospheric Pressure and Ice L H H • Beaufort High decreased and shifted east in 1990s • Transpolar Drift of ice shifted axis counterclockwise producing a more cyclonic motion in 1990s

  4. North Pole Region as an Indicator of ChangeThe Difference Between 1993 Pargo Salinity and the Past Fresher Pacific-Derived Water Alert NPEO Frontal Shift Saltier Atlantic-Derived Water Salinity Increase From Morison, et al., , 2000, , Arctic, 53, 4.

  5. Three Core Components Plus Collaborative Projects Automated Drifting Stations Mooring Airborne Hydro Sections Collaborations IABP - T/P&IMB Flux Buoys ABPR-GRACE ITPs Soot Sampling Pollen Sampling Nitrates Bio-optics Thule

  6. Pacific-Atlantic front over Alpha-Mendeleyev R. NPEO Airborne Survey and Drifting Station Salinity & Temperature Anomalies Relative to Climatology 2000-2001 Salinity Temperature Morison, Falkner, Kikuchi, Steele Anomalies are similar to 1990s. Morison et al., 2006a

  7. Pacific-Atlantic shifted to Pole, Central Arctic Ocean nearly at pre-1990s state. NPEO Salinity & Temperature Anomalies Relative to Climatology 2005 Salinity Temperature Morison, Falkner, Kikuchi, Steele Anomalies are small. Morison et al., 2006a

  8. Expanded Airborne NPEO and BGEP Surveys for IPY NPEO area April 2007 & 2008 BGEP area March 2008 Thule

  9. Mass trend due to a hypothesized density shift from 1993 Pargo state in 2000 to pre-1990 conditions in 2006 SSH trends=GRACE BP-hypothetical “steric” trend: - down in Beaufort & - up in Makarov Consistent with observed trend to anticyclonic ice motion. Collaborating Program:In Situ and remote sensing measurements of bottom pressure consistent with return to pre-1990s conditions [Morison et al., 2007] GRACE and Hypothesized Steric and SSH Pressure Trends GRACE shows decreasing BP in Makarov sector, increases in Beaufort Sea => Reversal of ‘90s change. Morison et al., 2006a

  10. Ice has thickened ~ Pre-70’s NP Average Avg = 3.7 m Avg = 3.5 m Avg = 3.1 m Rothrock NP 1990’s Ice Draft at the North Pole Increasing Since 2000

  11. Utilize NPEO Data • For Data Analysis: • NPEO endeavors to make data available as soon as possible • Generally : • - Basic buoy data (including Web cam) will be available in near real time • - Data from the automated drifting station and the airborne hydrographic surveys will be available within 6 months of data collection. • Data from moored instruments will be available from the NPEO data base 1 year after instruments are recovered. • Data release at http://psc.apl.washington.edu/northpole/index.html is unrestricted but we will ask that we be notified when data is acquired and we hope NPEO will be credited in any publications. • We submit to the NSF data archive as soon as data is in its final form.

  12. NPEO Data via FTP: This data directory is set up to quickly make available versions of NPEO datasets, sometimes preliminary and sometimes with limited documentation. Final datasets are posted to the the Arctic System Science (ARCSS) Data Coordination Center (ADCC) at the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC). Data sets available for free download: NPEO 2000-2006 Aircraft CTD Profiles NPEO 2000-2005 JAMSTEC J-CAD Buoys NPEO 2000-2005 Chemistry NPEO 2002-2005 Weather Buoys NPEO 2001-2003 Bottom-Anchored Mooring NPEO 2000-2004 Ice Mass Buoys Please complete the registration form below to get to access the FTP archive. This information will be used to keep users updated on the latest changes and additions to NPEO data. If you need assistance, please send an email. Name: Institution Name: Email Address:

  13. The End For more updates on the state of the Arctic visit our North Pole Web site: http://psc.apl.washington.edu/northpole/index.html

  14. Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) => Bottom Pressure Variation - BP anomaly due to density change of upper 500 m for annual NPEO stations within 200 km of the Pole • GRACE Bottom Pressure at the North Pole • CSR Release 01 • De-striped [Swenson and Wahr, 2006] • Deg-one Coeffs from GLDAS [Rodell et al., 2004] • - 400-km Gaussian smoothed [Wahr et al., 1998] • PGR from Peltier’s [2004] ICE-5G removed • Terrestrial water signal from GLDAS removed ABPRs 1 & 3

  15. If the the ocean responds to AO, why did it take till now to return to climatology? dy/dt=(-y + AO(t-Q) )/ T Q = “Transport” Lag T = “Spin-up” Time Spin down time consistent with spin up time. Morison et al., 2006a

  16. Ice Thickness The ice thickness measured by the ULS atop the NPEO mooring should be highly correlated with basin average ice thickness. Lngyr Alert Nord Thule From Lindsay So what has the ice been doing? We know extent has been decreasing. What about thickness?

  17. Histogram 2001-2002

  18. Histogram 2002-2003

  19. Histogram 2004-2005

  20. Conditions at the North Pole Salinity at the North Pole After 2000 Min in 2005 2006 ~ 2004 Since 2000 upper ocean salinities have decreased towards climatology.

  21. Conditions at the North Pole Temperature at the North Pole After 2000 2004-06 ~ Oden ‘91 Since 2000 Atlantic Water temperatures have decreased towards climatology, Now ~ 1991 state.

  22. NPEO Salinity & Temperature Anomalies Relative to Climatology 2002-2003 Salinity Temperature Morison, Falkner, Kikuchi, Steele Anomalies are reduced in 2003 but still similar to 1990s. Morison et al., 2006a

  23. NPEO Salinity & Temperature Anomalies Relative to Climatology 2004 Salinity Temperature Morison, Falkner, Kikuchi, Steele Anomalies are greatly reduced. Morison et al., 2006a

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