Current trends and Practices in Library Technologies

1. Marshall Breeding Independent Consultant, Author, and Founder and Publisher, Library Technology Guides http://librarytechnology.org/ http://twitter.com/mbreeding Current trends and Practices in Library Technologies 2018 Library Technology Conclave 24 January 2018

2. Description In this Keynote presentation, Marshall Breeding will give an overview of current and emerging trends in the products and services used by libraries for resource management, discovery, and other aspects of their operations and services.  Breeding will discuss topics including trends for library management systems based on open source software and those provided as proprietary products, different models of resource management, discovery interfaces and index-based discovery services, and the increasingly different requirements across library types.  Emphases will be given to the trends seen in countries such as India compared to other global regions

3. Perspective and Context • Increasing divergence among library types regarding requirements for supporting technical infrastructure: Academic, Public, National, School, Special • Approaches to library service vary according to international region • Broad range of economic capacity or support across countries and regions and even within some countries. (especially United States)

4. Indian Library Perspective • Librarians must adapt global technologies to their local context • A large and diverse country • Many different languages (22 official) • High capacity for technology: many companies outsource software development to India • Libraries in India have limited financial resources and strive to implement effective solutions

5. Library Technology Guides https://librarytechnology.org

6. Libraries.org directory • Global directory of libraries • Descriptive data (location, type, collection size, etc) • Technology: ILS, Discovery, etc: past and present • Lists, maps, reports

7. Library Tech Mergers

8. Key Vendors

9. Migration Reports

10. Vendor Personnel Statistics

11. Library Technology Industry Recent Trends and Events

12. Library Technology Industry Reports American Libraries Library Journal • 2014: Strategic Competition and Cooperation • 2015: Operationalizing Innovation • 2016: Power Plays • 2017: Competing visions for Technology, openness, workflows • 2013: Rush to Innovate • 2012: Agents of Change • 2011: New Frontier • 2010: New Models, Core Systems • 2009: Investing in the Future • 2008: Opportunity out of turmoil • 2007: An industry redefined • 2006: Reshuffling the deck • 2005: Gradual evolution • 2004: Migration down, innovation up • 2003: The competition heats up • 2002: Capturing the migrating customer

13. Library System Report 2017 “Competing visions for technology, openness, and workflow” https://americanlibrariesmagazine.org/2017/05/01/library-systems-report-2017/

14. 2017: Competing Visions • Assembly of companies with involvement in business activities spanning technology and content • Synergies among business activities which will give insight to inform business strategies without imposing control on their library customers • Horizontal and Vertical Consolidation • Mergers among companies with similar business activates • Expansion into new areas of business • Library technology increasingly part of the mix

15. Consolidation: deep and wide • Horizontal consolidation: M&A among ILS and RFID companies • SirsiDynix • Innovative • Bibliotheca • Lucidea • Vertical Consolidation: Acquisition into top-level companies • Content + Technology + Services • ProQuest: Acquisition of Ex Libris, Serials Solutions • EBSCO: FOLIO, Stacks, etc • Follett: Acquisition of Baker & Taylor

16. Transition in Scholarly Publishers

17. General Technology Trends

18. Fundamental technology shift • Mainframe computing • Client/Server • Cloud Computing http://www.flickr.com/photos/carrick/61952845/ http://soacloudcomputing.blogspot.com/2008/10/cloud-computing.html http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-10-2001/jw-1019-jxta.html

19. Software Development Styles • Monolithic Applications • Codebase of application deployed as a single bundle of executables and libraries on a unified platform • Microservices Architecture • Multiple independent software components orchestrated to form a unified application • Common infrastructure: • User interface toolkit • API Gateway • Persistence layer

20. Monolithic Application: Enterprise SOA Model Scripts/Third Party Systems User Interfaces API endpoints Web service Presentation Layer Application software Business Logic } Reusable ComposableServices Enterprise Service Bus Database Engine Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table

21. Microservices-based Application Scripts/Third Party Systems User Interfaces API endpoints Presentation Layer / UI Toolkit API Gateway Microservice Microservice Microservice Microservice Microservice Microservice Microservice Microservice Microservice Microservice Web service Web service Web service Web service Web service Web service Web service Web service Web service Web service Service components Service components Service components Service components Service components Service components Service components Service components Service components Service components Application software Application software Application software Application software Application software Application software Application software Application software Application software Application software Run time libraries Run time libraries Run time libraries Run time libraries Run time libraries Run time libraries Run time libraries Run time libraries Run time libraries Run time libraries Persistence / System Layer Data Store Data Store Data Store Data Store Data Store Data Store Data Store Data Store Data Store Data Store

22. Multi Tennant SaaS is the modern approach One copy of the code base serves multiple sites Software functionality delivered entirely through Web interfaces No workstation clients Upgrades and fixes deployed universally Usually in small increments Software as a Service

23. SaaS provides opportunity for highly shared data models E-resource knowledge bases Article-level discovery indexes Shared vendor profiles General opportunity to move away from library-by-library metadata management to globally shared workflows Data as a service

24. Open Systems • Achieving openness has risen as the key driver behind library technology strategies • Libraries need to do more with their data • Ability to improve customer experience and operational efficiencies • Demand for Interoperability • Open source – full access to internal program of the application • Open API’s – expose programmatic interfaces to data and functionality

25. Open Source Software Expanding access to technology

26. General observations • Wealthy regions primarily use proprietary products • Sophisticated systems, but with substantial costs for libraries • Proprietary products not affordable by most libraries in developing world • Open source ILS products have comparable capabilities and can be implemented at lower costs • Gaps in functionality between open source and proprietary ILS products continue to narrow • Open source options for electronic resource management are available, but have less capabilities • Lack of open access knowledgebase and discovery index

27. Open Source vs Proprietary Software • Library software available under both models • Proprietary software tends to be adopted in libraries with more robust budgets • …but many libraries in wealthy countries also use open source ILS products • Open source software widely implemented in developing nations • Commercial support of open source represents a growing portion of ILS implementations in the US

28. Open Source Software • The source code to the software must be made available • Can be modified and shared • No fees can be charged for the software itself • Fees can be charged for services for open source software products: • Support • Hosting • Migration • Customizations • OSS licenses specify different terms for sharing, re-use, commercial use, etc. (GPL, Apache)

29. Trends in Open Source • Open source now a routine segment of strategic library automation • Implementation models: • Commercial support • Independent with community support • Support through governmental organizations • Development models • Distributed community • Mostly centralized within a commercial community (Example Kuali suite of applications for universities)

30. Open source Library Tech Products • Integrated library systems: • Koha • Evergreen • ABCD • ILS based on CDS/ISIS components • Library Services Platforms • FOLIO • Still in development phase • Discovery interfaces • VuFind (PHP + SOLR) • Blacklight (Ruby + SOLR)

31. Open Source ILS in the United States • Koha: • small to mid-sized public libraries • Schools • Some small to mid-sized academics for print collections; reliance on Coral or other products for electronic resource management • Evergreen • Public library consortia • Typical: large consortium comprised mostly of small and mid-sized public libraries • Koha + Evergreen: about15% of overall ILS deployments

32. Originally developed in 1999 for small group of libraries in New Zealand, Horowhenua Library Trust by Katipo Communications, production use by January 2000 Gained widespread use in the United States around 2004-05 and has seen steady growth in use Wide international adoption Used in many thousands of libraries. 2,682 represented in libraries.org, with many large groups not yet registered. Dominant open source SIGB in Latin America Koha

33. Koha Worldwide

34. Philippines: A systematic effort to install Koha in the public libraries sponsored by the state libraries Turkey: 1,200+ public libraries Spain: Koha-Koblihttp://kobli.bage.es/ Argentina. CONABIP (ComisiónNacional de BibliotecasPopulares) Customized version of Koha: DigiBepe http://www.conabip.gob.ar/faq/digibepe National Projects to deploy Koha

35. Koha in India • Widespread use throughout the country • Other systems used include LibSys and other locally developed systems • Municipal library systems (Delhi Public Library) • University, public, and school libraries • Large number of consulting firms provide implementation and support services for Koha in India • Many Indian libraries implement Koha independently • No systematic data on deployments • Possible project to work on improving representation of libraries in India in the libraries.org director of libraries in Library Technology Guides

36. Evergreen • Open source ILS originally developed for PINES consortium in Georgia • Optimized for large consortia comprised of small to mid-sized public libraries • Mostly implemented within United States and Canada

37. Evergreen Worldwide

38. Academic Library Perspective

39. Operational trends in large Academic Libraries • Spending on Electronic Resources dominates budgets • Generally flat budgets + 4% annual inflation = budget stress • Decreasing spending on print monographs • Transition from print to electronic journals complete, shift to e-books underway. • Demand-driven acquisitions

40. Legacy: Fragmented Environment • Integrated Library System for management of (mostly) print • Duplicative financial systems between library and university • Electronic Resource Management • E-Resource knowledge base and Link Resolver • A-Z e-journal lists and other finding aids • Interlibrary loan (borrowing and lending) • Digital Collections Management platforms (CONTENTdm, DigiTool, etc.) • Separate systems for archival materials and special collections • Discovery-layer services for broader access to library collections • No effective integration services / interoperability among disconnected systems, non-aligned metadata schemes

41. Library Services Platform • Library-specific software. Technical infrastructure to help libraries automate their internal operations, manage collections, fulfillment requests, and deliver services • Services • Services-oriented architecture • Exposes Web services and other API’s • Facilitates the services libraries offer to their users • Platform • General infrastructure for library automation • Consistent with the concept of Platform as a Service • Library programmers address the APIs of the platform to extend functionality, create connections with other systems, dynamically interact with data

42. Library Services Platforms • New genre of resource management • Workflows unified across electronic, print, and digital formats • Flexible metadata management: MARC, Dublin Core, BIBFRAME, etc. • Deployed via web-native multi-tenant platform • Built-in analytics and decision support

43. Library Services Platforms – Functional • Manages electronic and print formats of materials • Replaces multiple incumbent products • Extensive Metadata Management • Multiple procurement workflows • Knowledgebases • Built-in collection analytics • Decision support for collection development

44. Platform characteristics • Technical infrastructure to support complex business applications • Delivers common services: data stores, messaging, events, workflow engine • Agnostic relative to structure of higher-level applications • Common UI framework • Designed for multitenancy

45. Shared Technology Infrastructure • Increasing interest in shared technology infrastructure among members of library systems and consortia • Shift from stand-alone implementations to shared infrastructure • Remove obstacles to strategic collaboration • Collaborative Collection Development • Shared access to collections • Re-distribution of technical services • Ability to share language experts and subject specialists

46. Benefits of shared infrastructure • Increased cooperation and resource sharing • Collaborative collection management • Lower costs per institution • Greater universe of content readily available to patrons • Avoid add-on components for union catalog and resource requests and routing

47. Shared infrastructure Projects • Orbis Cascade • WHELF • South Australia • Ireland Public Libraries • JULAC • California State University • University System of Georgia • Complete Florida Plus Program • University of Wisconsin system

48. Beyond the Library Services Platform • More efficient ways to manage collections is a positive move, but not in itself transformative • Build on the LSP infrastructure to support new areas of library service • Involvement with the management, preservation, and access of research data • Deeper involvement in teaching activities: resource lists for courses; other areas of curriculum support • Facilitate collaboration among students, faculty within the institution and globally • Help expand the impact of libraries globally

49. Public Library Perspective

50. Public Library Perspective • Operational strategies distinct from academics • Vigorous lending services of physical materials • Emphasis on customer engagement • Lending of downloadable e-books and audiobooks; streaming of digital content • Delivery of collection access and services via mobile devices • Requirements for organically integrated environments which promote the brand and services of the library