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Present Perfect and Pluperfect

Present Perfect and Pluperfect. Past Participle. All perfect tenses are made up of two parts: the helping verb and the past participle of the main verb: helping verb past participle helping verb past participle He has eaten . We have seen . They have left . You have finished .

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Present Perfect and Pluperfect

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  1. Present Perfect and Pluperfect

  2. Past Participle All perfect tenses are made up of two parts: the helping verb and the past participle of the main verb: helping verbpast participlehelping verbpast participle He haseaten. We haveseen. They haveleft. You havefinished. I havestudied. She hasfallen.

  3. This is how you form the past participle in Spanish: Drop the –ar and add –ado: hablarhabladonadarnadado pensarpensadoalmorzaralmorzado llegarllegadoestarestado Drop the –er or –ir and add –ido: comercomidopoderpodido leerleídoquererquerido asistirasistidovenirvenido

  4. Click here to go to a brief practice exercise.

  5. There are, of course, irregular past participles in Spanish as there are in English. call have called jump have jumped look have looked eat have eated???? have eaten bring have bringed???? have brought

  6. You have to memorize the irregular past participles in Spanish just as you do in English. volver vuelto (NOT volvido) poner puesto (NOT ponido) abrir abierto etc. cubrir cubierto escribir escrito ver visto morir muerto decir dicho hacer hecho romper roto

  7. Helping Verb Now you need a helping verb to go with your past participles. What we use is the present tense of the verb “haber.” he hablado hemos hablado has hablado habéis hablado ha hablado han hablado Use these verb forms with all your past participles: he comido, has querido, ha vuelto, hemos trabajado, etc.

  8. Click here to go to a brief practice exercise.

  9. Pluperfect(Past Perfect)(Pluscuamperfecto) The past perfect (also called the pluperfect and, in Spanish, the pluscuamperfecto), remember, is the past of the past and translates with “had” in English. ALL perfect tenses get a helping verb and a past participle: present perfect he haseaten past perfect he hadeaten future perfect he will haveeaten conditional perfect he would haveeaten

  10. As you saw, the present perfect tense has a set of helping verbs that come from “haber”: he hemos has habéis ha han The same is true of the past perfect. The helping verbs for the past perfect are the imperfect form of “haber”: había hablado habíamos hablado habías hablado habíais hablado había hablado habían hablado

  11. Note that the endings on “haber” for the past perfect are the endings for the imperfect tense: había habíamos habías habíais había habían The present perfect is the PRESENT tense of “haber” + the past participle. The past perfect tense is the IMPERFECT (PAST) tense of “haber” + the past participle. Guess what the future perfect tense is composed of. But that’s another lesson.

  12. Click here to go to a brief practice exercise.

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