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Business Communication

Business Communication. Lecture_7. Business Communication. Intercultural Communication. Culture.

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Business Communication

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  1. Business Communication Lecture_7

  2. Business Communication Intercultural Communication

  3. Culture Sir Edward Tylor’s definition in 1871 (first use of this term):“that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society”

  4. John Bodley (1994): Diverse Definitions Topical: Culture consists of everything on a list of topics, or categories, such as social organization, religion, or economy Historical: Culture is social heritage, or tradition, that is passed on to future generations Behavioral: Culture is shared, learned human behavior, a way of life Normative: Culture is ideals, values, or rules for living Functional: Culture is the way humans solve problems of adapting to the environment or living together Mental: Culture is a complex of ideas, or learned habits, that inhibit impulses and distinguish people from animals Structural: Culture consists of patterned and interrelated ideas, symbols, or behaviors Symbolic: Culture is based on arbitrarily assigned meanings that are shared by a society

  5. Cross-cultural Values Americans Japanese • Freedom • Independence • Self-reliance • Equality • Individualism • Competition • Efficiency • Time • Directness • Openness • Belonging • Group harmony • Collectiveness • Age/seniority • Group consciousness • Cooperation • Quality • Patience • Indirectness • Go-between Elashmawi & Harris 1993

  6. Edward T. Hall's Model High-context cultures Low-context cultures • Long-lasting relationships • Exploiting context • Spoken agreements • Insiders and outsiders clearly distinguished • Cultural patterns ingrained, slow change • Shorter relationships • Less dependent on context • Written agreements • Insiders and outsiders less clearly distinguished • Cultural patterns change faster

  7. Cultural Classification--Hall • Low-Context Cultures - What Is Said Is More Important Than How or Where It Is Said • U.S. • Germany • High-Context cultures - What Is Said and How or Where It is Said Are Significant • Asia • Latin America • Middle East

  8. Low-context in business • Business before friendship • Credibility through expertise & performance • Agreements by legal contract • Negotiations efficient

  9. High-context in business • No business without friendship • Credibility through relationships • Agreements founded on trust • Negotiations slow & ritualistic

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