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Jordan University of Science & Technology Faculty of Computer & Information Technology

Jordan University of Science & Technology Faculty of Computer & Information Technology Department of Computer Science & Information Systems CIS 100 http://www.cis.just.edu.jo/cis100. Internet. What is Internet?. Internet is a global computer network of inter-connected networks.

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Jordan University of Science & Technology Faculty of Computer & Information Technology

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  1. Jordan University of Science & Technology Faculty of Computer & Information Technology Department of Computer Science & Information Systems CIS 100 http://www.cis.just.edu.jo/cis100 Internet

  2. What is Internet? Internet is a global computer network of inter-connected networks.

  3. Internet Activities • All computers connected to the internet must communicate with each other using set of rules (protocols) called TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol) • Send and receive electronic messages (e-mail) • Transfer data files to and from computers around the world (File Transfer Protocol [FTP]) • View corporate or personal documents containing graphical hypertext content (World Wide Web) • Share point-of-view on specific subjects with other online groups, (Usenet news-groups - Network News Transfer Protocol)

  4. Internet Addressing • Each computer directly linked to the Internet must obtain a unique address so that it can be located. • A computer’s internet protocol (IP) address is a four-part series of numbers separated by periods. For example 198.137.241.30 • Because it is difficult to remember a long series of numbers( i.e. IP address ), a name addressing system was developed, called domain name system (DNS), For example Whitehouse.gov • The DNS: is a world-wide system of databases that maps domain names with their corresponding IP address.

  5. How To Get Internet Connection? • To obtain an Internet domain name, It is necessary to register with (and pay) a special Internet committee, Internet Service Provider (ISP) • ISP examples: ORANGE, Batelco, TE Data, and Zain • To get internet service: • Subscribe with any Internet Service Provider (ISP)

  6. Domain Names • When an organization or company establishes a link to the Internet either as: • a high-speed, dedicated pointer itself • or as an account through a dedicated provider a domain name must be chosen

  7. Domain Names The name is unique and comprised of these parts: HostName.subdom(s).Org.Dom

  8. Site Types The top-level specification: • .com: commercial organization. • .edu: education. • .int: international organization. • .mil: military organizations. • .org: nonprofit and research organizations. • .net: network and service operations.

  9. Country Code Two-letter country code: .us: United States. .jo: Jordan. .uk: United Kingdom.

  10. Domain Name • Second-level domain name(it is the company or organization name): up to 22 alphanumeric characters and cannot include spaces (although underscore can be used). • examples of the Domain name: • www.example.net • www.yahoo.com • www.hotmail.com • The alphanumeric character set consists of the numbers 0 to 9 and letters A to Z.

  11. Subdomain Name • Subdomain Name: • Put it to the left of thedomain name • We may have additional subdomain names • It is optional part • Subdomain Name examples: • www.cis.just.edu.jo • www.mail.yahoo.com

  12. Domain, LAN, and Network Server • This entire domainispart of LAN connected to the internet. • The network server is connected to the Internet. • So each of the computers on the network gain their access to the Internet through the network server. • LAN: Local Area Network • Hostname: i.e. the Host Computer

  13. Class IP (CIP) address • A class IP (CIP) address can be obtainedso that: • one registered domain namecould be authorized tosubdivide its domain name And • use sub-domain names for each computer on the LAN.

  14. What is the World Wide Web? • The World Wide Web is a collection of host machines: • which deliver documents, graphics and multi-media to users via the Internet.

  15. World Wide Web • Pages or files are stored on Web Servers. • Users access these pages using a graphical browser like: • Internet Explorer • Netscape Communicator • Pages can include: • Graphics, sound, movies and other media-rich content • References to other pages on the same site or other sites

  16. Hyper-Links • A hyperlink is a clickable link to another document or resource. It is normally shown in blue underline. • When a user clicks on this link • The client will retrieve the document associated with that link by • requesting the document from the designated server upon which it resides.

  17. URLs • An URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is a means of specifying the pathname for any resource on the Internet. • The URL consists of three part: • protocol part • host part • document name

  18. URLs Example http://www.just.edu.jo/cis100/windows.htm specifies the protocolashttp, the host or WWW serverasjust.edu.jo and the documentas/cis100/windows.htm

  19. Search Engines • Because there is so much information available on the Internet today so: • it is important to be able to access information quickly. • Several sites have specialized in searching • Search EnginesExamples: • www.yahoo.com • www.google.com • www.excite.com • www.metacrawler.com

  20. Browsing the Web The features of World Wide Web (WWW) are: • server provides WWW access • information presented as pages • uses html (hyper-text markup language) to write pages • pages may reference other pages, graphics etc (links) • client provides browse services to view pages and handle special page types • connect only long enough to get a page • Examples of available browsers include Netscape Communicator and Internet Explorer.

  21. HTML • HTML: Hyper Text Markup Language. • Used to create (design) Web pages which may include: • Text, graphics, sound, video and/or links to other pages

  22. Web Browser • A WWW browser is an application run on a user’s computer • which allows him to view the pages made available by a WWW server • The browser interprets each HTML page and displays the information in a window. • Each WWW server has a host name, and each page has a location address where it resides on the server.

  23. Example http://www.just.edu.jo/index.htm • The site-name iswww.just.edu.jo • which denotes the server address for the WWW server at JUST • The page, which is shown as JUST’s home page is called index.htm

  24. Electronic Mail (email) Electronic mail, or email, is: • a simple tool for exchanging messages between individuals or among larger audience.

  25. Electronic Mail • Email messages travel very quickly and inexpensively • The delivery of messages from one part of a country to another may take minutes • Once a message has been received, it can be saved, printed, edited, forwarded to another user, or deleted • Email is becoming one of the most widely used services on the Internet:

  26. Email CharacteristicsEmail is becoming one of the most widely used services on the Internet : 1. Fast 2. Can save messages for future reference. 3. Free of charge.

  27. How to get email account ? • How to get just email? • From the University (Engineering Building, C3- level 1 ?) • Get a free web-based email account through yahoo or Hotmail

  28. Email Address An email address has two parts: 1. Username 2. Domain Name Email Address Example: ahmad@just.edu.jo

  29. Email Message’s Parts An email message must have at least two parts: 1. Header 2. Body 3. Message Signature (optional)

  30. Email Message’s Parts • The Message Header contains information about the message: sender, receiver, date and subject • CC : Carbon Copy • BCC: Blind Carbon Copy • The Message body contains the actual message being sent • Message Signature (optional) (see next slide)

  31. Message Signature • Sometimes, an email message contains a third part, called the signature • It is optional, and usually identifies or provides information about the message’s sender

  32. Which email Program to use? 1. On UNIX you may use Pine or Mailx 2. Netscape’s mail through Netscape Navigator

  33. Review • CC : Carbon Copy • BCC: Blind Carbon Copy • Protocols: set of rules • TCP/IP :Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol) • File Transfer Protocol [FTP] use to: • Transfer data files to and from computers around the world? • internet protocol address : IP address • DNS: it is a name addressing system was developed, called domain name system (DNS) • URL: Uniform Resource Locator • HTML: Hyper Text Markup Language

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