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OECD WORKSHOP ON THE MEASUREMENT OF THE HIGH-GROWTH ENTERPRISES Paris, 19 November 2007 General Trends and Roles of H i gh -Growth Firms in the Polish Manufacturing Sector 1996 – 2006. Jerzy Cieślik Leon Kozminski Academy of Entrepreneurship and Management, Warsaw, Poland.
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OECD WORKSHOP ON THE MEASUREMENT OF THE HIGH-GROWTH ENTERPRISESParis, 19 November 2007 General Trends and Roles of High-Growth Firms in the Polish Manufacturing Sector 1996 – 2006 Jerzy Cieślik Leon Kozminski Academy of Entrepreneurship and Management, Warsaw, Poland
Background of the Research Project • Experiences with entrepreneurship education programs • Apparent confusion regarding entrepreneurship and SMEs in policymaking, research and education • Focus on international context of growth • Inward FDI • Export sales • Parallel research project on internationalization of Polish firms • Making policy recommendations • Project started in 2007 - initial results available so far
Data Source and Initial Data Set Format • Central Statistical Office of Poland - Micro data from the Annual Enterprise Survey • Included companies which submitted data for 2006 Survey • Operating within the manufacturing sector • 10 or more persons employed • With full accounting system • 15 096 firms in the core data set • Data on employment, total sales and export sales of the 15 096 companies derived prom the previous Surveys 1996 – 2005 • Complete set of data 1996-2006 available for 5599 firms • Data on export sales available from 2002 onwards
Methodology • Basically we follow new OECD conventions and definitions • Distinction between current (HGC) and historic high growth (HGH) • HGC when X 2006/ X2003 > 1.728 • HGH when Xn/Xn-3 > 1.728 for at least one out of seven historic observation periodsending 1999 - 2005 • Export sales added as the third growth measurement variable in addition to employment and total sales • Domestic firms and foreign subsidiaries categorized separately • Impact of HG firms measured by their contribution to employment, total sales and export salesin the manufacturing sector in 2006 • Initial results: Some key conclusions
Some methodological an practical issues relating to the use of gazelle concept • turbulent formation period • achieving initial stability – „business platform” • apparent confusion as the term gazelle often used as an alternative expression for high-growth firms • risk of exclusion of „promising” high-growth firms
Concluding remarks • OECD initiative to elaborate unified definitions and conventions on high-growth firms crucial for: • Comparative research • Policy recommendations • Various support measures – injecting „growth hormones” to the nascent and existing firms, e.g. through specialized training • Diversity of analitical directions due to national conditions and priorities • Need for a list of indicative international priorities – topics to be addressed first
Contact Prof. Jerzy Cieslik Leon Kozminski Academy of Entrepreneurship and Management Jagiellonska 59 03-301 Warsaw, Poland Tel +48 502 030 030 E-mail: jerzy@cieslik.edu.pl www.cieslik.edu.pl