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Desert Storm

Desert Storm. The Ups and Downs of a Tortured People. Welcome to the World!!!. Though promised independence for aiding UK in WWI, England occupied Iraq in 1917 (Sykes-Picot Treaty) 1920,Iraq organizes armed resistance UK losing ground. Self Rule and Unity… or not.

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Desert Storm

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  1. Desert Storm The Ups and Downs of a Tortured People

  2. Welcome to the World!!! • Though promised independence for aiding UK in WWI, England occupied Iraq in 1917 (Sykes-Picot Treaty) • 1920,Iraq organizes armed resistance • UK losing ground

  3. Self Rule and Unity… or not • Sunni prince Faisal elected king of multi-ethnic Iraq in 1921 • Immediately, Kurds in North and Shiites in south revolt

  4. Hey UK, Let’s be friends!!! • 1925 Needing help, Faisal begs UK aid • To entice, gives oil concessions • Churchill & Mustard Gas • Peace!!!...???

  5. New Instability  • Faisal died in 1933, son Ghazi rules • During this period, a movement starts for “Pan-Arabism” • A “USA” of the Middle East • The Ba’ath Party

  6. Ba’athists Ba’athists want a Sunni, pan-Arab country & strong Muslim power. • Abdul Salem Arif leads Ba’athist coup in 1963. • Anti-Western • Hates Israel • Anger over UK meddling in WWII • Hates Iran for Kurds supporting • Nationalize Oil

  7. Enter Saddam Hussein • 1979- coup. Ba’ath security chief. Smiles while condemning 400 Ba’athists to death. • Living prove loyalty by shooting the 400. • Kurds revolt at this • Iran helping Kurds • Uh oh…

  8. The Iran Iraq War – 80-88 • Causes • Shiite vs. Sunni • Iran’s support of the Kurds • Territorial control of the Straights of Hormuz (from Persian Gulf)

  9. Hussein Earns his Reputation • Used poison gas on whole separatist-leaning Kurdish towns • Children used to clear mine fields Dead Kurds at Halabja from poison gas

  10. The USA’s involvement • In the war, USA is Pro-Iraqi • Iran had taken US embassy workers hostage in 1979 and was still holding them • Iraq secular Donald Rumsfeld meeting with Saddam Hussein in the 1980’s Iran-Contra???

  11. Expansionist Ba’athist on the Move • Ba’athist Iraqis considered Kuwait naturally theirs • If win, Iraq would control 20% of oil • After US support in the 1980’s, thinks he can take Kuwait without problems

  12. Operation Desert Storm • Aug 1990 –Iraq occupies Kuwait • Threatening Saudi Arabia… • Feb. 1991 – US organized & led 700,000 troop UN coalition to free Kuwait

  13. The Mother Of All Battles4th Largest Army, battle hardened in Iran, Equipped with Soviet Weapons

  14. Part I Free Kuwait Part II Push back Iraq CNN Problem

  15. The Planners Colin Powell & H. Norman Schwarzkopf

  16. The Highway of Death • Media images of destroyed Iraqi retreat turn Western stomachs, prevent West from marching into Iraq… oops!!!

  17. A Promise to the Shiites… oops

  18. The 1990’s and Iraq • Weapon inspectors from UN to police • No Fly Zone • Oil For Food Program • 1997- Inspectors kicked out • Corruption at UN in Iraqi programs • Tick, tick, tick…

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