The Cold War From WW II through Desert Shield / Storm

1. The Cold War From WW II through Desert Shield / Storm LTC (Retired) Oakland McCulloch

2. Outline • Origins of the Cold War, 1945-1947 • Global Realignment, 1947-1953 • Escalation and Crisis, 1953-1962 • De-escalation, Vietnam and the Brezhnev Doctrine, 1962-1969 • Thaw and Détente, 1969-1979 • Second Cold War, 1979-1985 • End of the Cold War, 1985-1991

3. The Cold War From WW II through Desert Shield / Storm • Spanned 9 Presidents, 12 Administrations and 7 Soviet Premiers • Main Events (1945-1990) 1940s Yalta Conference Potsdam Conference Gouzenko Affair Iran Crisis Chinese Civil War Greek Civil War Marshall Plan Berlin Blockade Iron Curtain 1950s Korean War First Indochina War Iranian Coup Guatemalan Coup East German Uprising First Taiwan Strait Crisis Hungarian Revolution Suez Crisis Second Taiwan Strait Crisis Cuban Revolution McCarthyism 1960s Vietnam War Congo Crisis Sino-Soviet Split U-2 Crisis of 1960 Bay of Pigs Invasion Cuban Missile Crisis Erection of the Berlin Wall Overthrow of Sukarno Secret War in Laos Regime of the Colonels in Greece Prague Spring Uprising Sino-Soviet Border Conflict

4. The Cold War From WW II through Desert Shield / Storm • Spanned 9 Presidents, 12 Administrations and 7 Soviet Premiers • Main Events (1945-1990) 1970s Cambodian Civil War Ping Pong Diplomacy 1972 Nixon Visit to China Overthrow of Allende SALT I Angolan Civil War Mozambican Civil War Third Indochina War SALT II Iranian Revolution 1980s Soviet-Afghan War Salvadoran Civil War Polish Solidarity Movement Invasion of Grenada Fall of the Berlin War Revolutions of 1989 1990s Desert Shield / Desert Storm Dissolution of the USSR

5. Origins of the Cold War, 1945-1947 • Distrust between the US and USSR at the end of WW II • No love loss before WW II • Yalta Conference • Espionage activity • Communism vs. Democracy • State Controlled Economy vs. Capitalism • Disagreement on International Control of Nuclear Energy The Cold War From WW II through Desert Shield / Storm • The Cold War • Protracted geopolitical, ideological and economic struggle • Emerged after World War II • Between the US and its allies and the USSR and its allies

6. The Cold War From WW II through Desert Shield / Storm • Soviet Union detonates first atomic bomb • Formation of NATO & Warsaw Pact • Division of Germany • Global Realignment, 1947-1953 • Truman Doctrine • Marshall Plan • Berlin Blockade & Airlift

7. The Cold War From WW II through Desert Shield / Storm • Escalation and Crisis, 1953-1962 • the Hungarian Revolution in 1956 • the Sino-Soviet split in 1960 • the erection of the Berlin Wall in 1961 • the Bay of Pigs in 1961 • the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962 • De-escalation, Vietnam & Brezhnev Doctrine • 1962-1969 • installation of the “Hotline” in 1963 • Partial Test Ban Treaty in 1963 • The Vietnam War in 1964 • The invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968 • The Brezhnev Doctrine

8. The Cold War From WW II through Desert Shield / Storm • Thaw and Détente, 1969-1979 • the Détente period of the Cold War was marked by • mediation and relative peace • Treaty of Warsaw (between Poland & West Germany) • Four-Power Agreement on Berlin (US, UK, France & USSR) • Basic Treaty of 1972 (between East & West Germany)

9. The Cold War From WW II through Desert Shield / Storm • Second Cold War, 1979-1985 • Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan • Soviet deployment of SS-20 medium range nuclear missiles • NATO deployment of 500 Cruise & Pershing II missiles • Election of Margaret Thatcher and Ronald Reagan

10. 24 new Countries were formed with the end of the Soviet Union The Cold War From WW II through Desert Shield / Storm • The End of the Cold War, 1985-1991 • Rise of Mikhail Gorbachev as leader of USSR, 1985 • Glasnost (openness) and Perestroika (economic • restructuring) • Chernobyl Accident, 1986 • Peaceful Revolutions of 1989 in Eastern Europe • Fall of the Berlin War, 1989 • Desert Shield / Desert Storm 1990-1991 • Soviet coup attempt and collapse of the Soviet Union, 1991

11. The Cold War From WW II through Desert Shield / Storm Questions ?