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Endocrine System

Endocrine System. Hormones. Hormones are chemicals that are secreted into the blood stream by the endocrine glands Hormones are received by target cells throughout the body Target cells have receptor proteins that help determine the response to the hormone

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Endocrine System

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  1. Endocrine System

  2. Hormones • Hormones are chemicals that are secreted into the blood stream by the endocrine glands • Hormones are received by target cells throughout the body • Target cells have receptor proteins that help determine the response to the hormone • Different hormone/receptor combinations cause different responses

  3. Types of Hormones

  4. Steroid Hormone

  5. Target Cell Creates Response

  6. Chemical Structure of Steroids • Steroid hormones are created by modifying cholesterol molecules

  7. Peptide and Amine Hormones • Peptide and Amine hormones are large molecules that are not lipid soluble and cannot enter target cells directly.

  8. Glands of the Endocrine System • Hypothalamus • Connection between the Nervous System and the Endocrine System • Secretes Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) to help maintain kidney functions • Secretes hormones into the pituitary gland to stimulate the production of other hormones

  9. Pituitary Gland • Sometimes called the “Master Gland” • Controls many other glands in the body • Directly connected to the Hypothalamus through neural connections

  10. Pituitary Gland

  11. Pineal Gland • Located in the center of the brain behind the Hypothalamus • Produces Melatonin which helps regulate sleep and waking cycle • Sometimes called the “Biological Clock”

  12. Thyroid • Located in front of the trachea • Responsible for maintaining Metabolism

  13. Thyroid

  14. Parathyroid • Four small glands located on the back of the Thyroid • Help to maintain the amount of calcium in the blood to maintain muscle and nervous function

  15. Parathyroid • Releases Parathyroid Hormone when calcium levels are low • This causes bone break down and increased calcium absorption

  16. Thymus • Essential in the development of immune functions • Very large in childhood • Tissue is replaced by fat into adulthood • Produces humoral which stimulates the development of the lymphoid system

  17. Adrenal Glands • Located on each of the Kidneys • Divided into two sections • Cortex • Produces hormones essential to life • Medulla • Produces hormones not essential to life

  18. Adrenal Glands

  19. Pancreas • Main control of the blood sugar in the body • Secretes Insulin or Glucagon as required to maintain blood sugar levels • Endocrine portion is called the Islets of Langerhans

  20. Blood Sugar Homeostasis

  21. Testes/Ovaries • Development and maintenance of sex traits • Become more active at puberty • Produce steroid hormones

  22. Testes/Ovaries

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