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Introduction to Child Development

Areas of Development. Physical development related to the body.Gross motor skills: large musclesFine motor skills: small musclesSocial development related to getting along with and interacting with others.Emotional development related to having and dealing with feelings and emotions.Intel

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Introduction to Child Development

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    1. Introduction to Child Development History, theories and frameworks for understanding child development.

    2. Areas of Development Physical – development related to the body. Gross motor skills: large muscles Fine motor skills: small muscles Social – development related to getting along with and interacting with others. Emotional – development related to having and dealing with feelings and emotions. Intellectual/Cognitive – development related to learning and understanding the world around us.

    3. Child Development is what happens when. . . A dependent new born baby develops Language, self-awareness, a personality, and physical abilities, among other things To become a capable independent young person

    4. How it happens… Certain aspects of development are very predictable. Around the world most infants and children do the following at about the same time. Development proceeds through a certain sequence Focus their eyes Sit up Learn to walk Begin to speak Develop logical reasoning skills

    5. Same and Different Other aspects of development show more variability or individual differences Sociability Intellectual development Energy level, etc

    6. Interrelated Development Areas of development are related. If one area is growing other areas are as well. Physical growth spurts are often mirrored in emotional and/or intellectual growth

    7. Why study children? Guidance for parents and other care-givers Helps society to support healthy growth. Helps identify and help children with special needs Contributes to self-understanding Understanding the influences and experiences that shaped you

    8. How we study children Theorists propose explanations for how children grow and develop. Focus on different aspects of development (moral, physical, intellectual, etc.) Theories based on observations and experiences.

    9. Create a Theory of your own. Definition of a theory: A proposed explanation or description of a phenomena based on observations. From the Greek ‘theorein’ meaning ‘to look at.’ In small groups come up with a theory that describes or explains some aspect of the development of children.

    10. Childhood throughout History Ancient Rome-Middle ages Little adults - Children ‘infants’ until about 6, then go work in the adult world Children as property of fathers Children as sin-filled creatures in need of guidance and salvation. Strict discipline and neglect of special needs.

    11. Childhood throughout History Renaissance & Enlightenment Humanistic spirit – appreciation for special qualities of childhood Children seen playing in art Childhood understood as a unique period of development around 17th & 18th centuries. Tabula rasa – child pure at birth, a blank slate Early experiences crucial to development of child’s character Need to be protected from negative influences Calls for educational and social reform

    12. Early Theorists John Locke – children as a ‘blank slate’ Jean Jacques Rousseau – children as naturally good, needed protection from evil influences. Charles Darwin – childhood understood through human evolutionary origins. G. Stanley Hall – studied children through interviews & surveys

    13. Sigmund Freud Psychosexual Personality develops in five psychosexual stages, powered by unconscious conflicts among the id, ego, and superego. Nature, but Nurture also important Child passive in development

    14. Erik Erikson Psychosocial Personality develops in eight psychosocial stages through the life span. Social relationships and conscious thought are important. Nurture, but nature also important Stages build on each other Child Active in development

    15. Arnold Gesell Maturational Development progresses through an orderly sequence determined by biological maturation. Ages and stages Child Passive in Development

    16. Lev Vygotsky Cultural Historical The cultural, social, and biological are all essential to development. Scaffolding – learning/developing with help, support, and interaction. Child active in development

    17. Diana Baumrind Parenting Styles Examined the impact of parenting practices on children’s development. Four parenting styles Authoritarian Authoritative Permissive Uninvolved

    18. Jean Piaget Cognitive Developmental Thinking and problem solving develop in four qualitatively different stages. Assimilation, accommodation, equilibration are important. Nature and nurture important Child active in development He altered the study of children

    19. Mary Ainsworth & John Bowlby Attachment Studied the importance of early attachment between infant and parent. Evolutionary imperative of attachment.

    20. Childhood, a crucial time Self-esteem developed in childhood A child who feels good about themselves is more likely to be able to overcome problems later in life. Developmental tasks occur in succession.

    21. Bibliography http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761557692/Development_Child.html#s3 www.kathimitchell.com/middleages.htm http://www.athealth.com/Practitioner/ceduc/parentingstyles.html

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