Women’s Rights- Late 1800’s

1. Women’s Rights- Late 1800’s • Reconstruction • Black men get the right to vote • What about women? • What is happening in the movement? • Fragmentation within the movement

2. Women’s Rights- Late 1800’s • The Fifteenth Amendment? • What was it? • Some believed it should include women • Others believed that if it was attached then the Amendment would fail

3. Women’s Rights- Late 1800’s • 1869 The movement fragments into three distinct groups: • American Women Suffrage Association (AWSA) • National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA)

4. Women’s Rights- Late 1800’s • AWSA • Founded in 1869 American Woman Suffrage Association • Lucy Stone, Henry Blackwell, Julia Ward Howe • Felt that suffrage should not be included in the 15th Amendment

5. Women’s Rights- Late 1800’s • NWSA • Founded in 1869 National Woman Suffrage Association • Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony • Felt that suffrage should be included in the 15th Amendment • First victory in 1869 when Wyoming Territory extended the vote to women.

6. Women’s Rights- Late 1800’s • NWSA • Founded in 1869 • Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony • Promote women to vote illegally, beginning in 1870 • 1872-1873 Arrest and prosecution of Susan B Anthony

8. Women’s Rights- Late 1800’s • Third faction to form in the movement • Colored Woman’s Progressive Franchise Association • Founded in 1871 • Mary Ann Shadd Cary

9. Women’s Rights- Late 1800’s Notable court cases: • 1873 Bradwell v. Illinois • Myra Bradwell challenges to practice law. • The verdict: DENIED

10. Women’s Rights- Late 1800’s Notable court cases: • 1875 Minor v. Happersett • Argued for right to vote…all the way to the Supreme Court • The verdict: DENIED • However…the ruling did define women as “Citizens” and “persons”

11. Women’s Rights- Late 1800’s December 23, 1873 WCTU is formed Women’s Christian Temperance Union The purpose of the WCTU was to create a “sober and pure world”by abstinence, purity and evangelical Christianity.

12. Women’s Rights- Late 1800’s Frances Willard was the 2nd president of the WCTU Motto: "Do everything" The motto was for the women of the WCTU to incite lobbying, petitioning, preaching, publication, and education.

13. Women’s Rights- Late 1800’s • As the movement grew in numbers and strength, members of the WCTU also focused on suffrage. • The WCTU was instrumental in organizing woman's suffrage leaders and in helping more women become involved in American politics. • Willard pushed for the "Home Protection" ballot, arguing that women, being the superior sex morally, needed the vote in order to act as "citizen-mothers" and protect their homes and cure society's ills.

14. Women’s Rights- Late 1800’s • At a time when suffragists still alienated most American women, who viewed them as radicals, the WCTU offered a more traditionally feminine and appropriate organization for women to join.

15. Women’s Rights- Late 1800’s • Women in higher education • Women did begin to go to college after the Civil War, and for the most part they went to coeducational institutions • Admitted 4 women in 1837. • Mary Kellogg (Fairchild), Mary Caroline Rudd, Mary Hosford, and Elizabeth Prall. • All but Kellogg graduated. • Mary Jane Patterson graduated in 1862 to become the first black woman to earn a B.A. degree.

16. Women’s Rights- Late 1800’s • Women in higher education • Those that opposed women in higher education claimed: • "...a girl could study and learn, but she could not do all this and retain uninjured health, and a future secure from neuralgia, uterine disease, hysteria, and other derangements of the nervous system," according to Dr. Edward Clark in his widely respected Sex and Education published in 1873.

17. Women’s Rights- Late 1800’s • Women in higher education • Those that opposed women in higher education claimed: • “...the pathetic impossibility of improving those poor little, hard, thin, wiry, one-stringed instruments which they call their minds.”