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CLASSIFICATION LAB 02

Review and construct the classification and phylogenetic relationships of organisms in the Kingdom Animalia, including details on systematics, taxonomy, and key characteristics.

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CLASSIFICATION LAB 02

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  1. CLASSIFICATION LAB 02

  2. Purpose: • Review classification of organisms. • Construct and map the relationships of members from the Kingdom Animalia.

  3. Systematics- studies diversity of life Taxonomy- study of classification I. Systematics

  4. Classification: Six kingdom system : Eubacteria Archaebacteria E. coli Cyanobacteria Protista Paramecium Diatom Slime mold Plantae Fungi Animalia

  5. Phylogentic Relationships of Animals Platyhelminthes Porifera Mollusca Chordata Arthropoda Annelida Cnideria Nematoda Echinodermata pseudocoelom segmentation acoelom Protostome: schizocoelem Deuterostomes: eucoelom radial symmetry bilateral symmetry no true tissues true tissue Ancestral Protist

  6. Mode of Reproduction: binary fission, gametes Cell structure: multi or single celled, nucleus/no nucleus, cell wall/no cell wall, chlorophyll present/not present, Internal/External skeleton: back bone, bone/cartilage Energy: autotrophic, heterotrophic, chemotrophic Respiratory system: gills, lungs, gas exchange across skin/epithelium Embryonic development: deuterostome, protostome Circulatory system: closed/open, # of chambers in a heart What are some of the ways we can classify animals?

  7. Which group does the Platypus belong?

  8. Metatherians Eutherians Prototherians True placental Live births Have fur/hair, warm blooded, suckle young Class Mammalia

  9. Which group does the Coelacanth belong?

  10. Rhipidistians Placodermi Chondrichthyes (sharks & rays) Osteichthyes Amphibians Reptiles Mammalia Birds Lungfish Coelacanth Ray-finned fishes Tetrapods Lobed-finned fishes Fleshy-finned fishes Ancestral jawed fishes of the Devonian period

  11. Two main objectives of taxonomy: 1. Sort out closely related organisms, assign them to a species, and describe diagnostic characteristics that distinguish the species from one another. 2. Classification of species- arrange species in broader taxonomic categories.

  12. Anatomical comparison of bird, dolphin and human. Homology

  13. Analogy

  14. School of Systematics Classical Evolutionary Systematics • Classification based on observed similarities and differences • Darwinian approach • Phylogram

  15. Features Pear orange grapefruit apple plum greengage hard + + + + - - stone - - - - + + round - + + + - + thin skin + - - + + + smooth + - - + + + sweet + + - + + + stalk + - - + + + segments - + + - - - Similarities pear orange 3 grapefruit 2 7 apple 7 4 3 plum 6 1 0 4 greengage 5 2 1 6 7 pear orange grapefruit apple plum

  16. Figure 7. A phenogram of fruits

  17. mouse chimp hawk lizard salamander trout hagfish feathers Fur; mammary glands Claws or nails lungs jaws Classification based on branching pattern in a phylogenetically related group of organisms Cladogram

  18. Which approach is correct?

  19. Divide into 4 research teams. Take a bag containing fasteners. Choose 5 pieces. Develop a classification system using 5 traits. Exercise1: The Nuts and Bolts of Classification

  20. Exercise 2: Animal Classification • In same groups, select 5 animals • Sort animal specimens based traits. • Make a classification scheme.

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