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Lab 02 Tissues

Lab 02 Tissues. Epithelial Tissue. Tissues are groups of closely associated cells that are similar in structure and perform a common function. Four major tissue types: Epithelial Connective Muscle Nervous. Epithelial Tissue. Line and cover all structures of the body.

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Lab 02 Tissues

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  1. Lab 02Tissues

  2. Epithelial Tissue

  3. Tissues are groups of closely associated cells that are similar in structure and perform a common function. • Four major tissue types: • Epithelial • Connective • Muscle • Nervous

  4. Epithelial Tissue • Line and cover all structures of the body. • Apical (or free) surface exposed to the body exterior or an internal cavity (such as the lumen of a duct). • They are separated from other tissues by a basement membrane. • The surface exposed to the basement membrane is called the basal layer.

  5. Epithelial Tissue • They are classified by • number of cell layers and • the shape of the cells at the apical layer. • The number of cell layers is counted from the basement membrane to the surface.

  6. Number of cell layers • Simple One (l) layer of cells. • Stratified Two (2) to many layers of cells.

  7. Shape of cells • Squamous Flattened cells; disk-shaped central nucleus; little cytoplasm. • Cuboidal Cube-shaped cells; large, spherical central nucleus. • Columnar Tall, column-shaped cells; oval nucleus, Some have cilia at the apex. May contain goblet cells (secrete mucus among epithelial lining of organs, such as intestinal and respiratory tracts)

  8. Classification of Epithelial Tissue • (8 specific tissue types): • Simple Squamous Epithelium • Simple Cuboidal Epithelium • Simple Columnar Epithelium • Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium • Stratified Squamous Epithelium • Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium – not available for viewing • Stratified Columnar Epithelium – not available for viewing • Transitional Epithelium

  9. Simple squamous epithelium • Description: one layer of flattened cells; in a cross sectional view, cells appear shield like and cell borders are serrated and interlocking • Function: filtering and exchange • Location: endothelium (inner lining of arteries and veins), mesothelium (inner lining of ventral body cavity), alveoli of lungs

  10. Simple Cuboidal Epithelium • Description: one layer of cube shaped cells • Function: secretion and absorption • Location: kidney tubules, endocrine and exocrine glands

  11. Simple Columnar Epithelium • Description: one layer of columnar cells, may have cilia • Function: protection, absorption and secretion • Location: lines digestive tract from stomach to anus (nonciliated columnar epithelium), lines small bronchi of lungs and oviducts (ciliated columnar)

  12. Stratified Squamous Epithelium • Description: multiple layers, apical layer of flattened cells • Function: protection • Location: skin, oral cavity, cornea of eye, esophagus

  13. Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium • Description: Rare, multiple layers, apical layer of cuboidal cells • Function: protection, secretion, absorption • Location: sweat gland ducts, large mammary gland ducts

  14. Stratified Columnar Epithelium • Description: Rare, multiple layers, apical layer of columnar cells • Function: protection • Location: epiglottis, anus, male urethra

  15. Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium • Description: single layer of cells, but appear to have more than one layer due to the following: nuclei at different levels in the cells • All cells rest on the basement (or the basal lamina – top layer of basement membrane) • All cells do not reach the apical surface of the tissue • May contain cilia and goblet cells. • Function: protection, secretion • Location: • Ciliated pseudostratified columnar found in nasal cavity, trachea, primary bronchi, and auditory (phayngotympanic) tubes • Nonciliated pseudostratified columnar found in male urethra and large ducts of parotid gland (salivary)

  16. Transitional Epithelium • Description: Two to more layers of cells of different types. • Apical layer is dome-shaped or squamous shaped (depending on degree of stretching). • Basal layer cuboidal or columnar. • Apical cells do not reach the basement membrane. • Function: stretching and recoil • Location: urinary bladder and ureters

  17. Muscle Tissue

  18. Muscle Tissue • All muscles cause movement. • They are described by structure (striated or nonstriated) and by function (voluntary or involuntary) • Cell type: myocyte • 3 specific types: Skeletal, Smooth, Cardiac

  19. Specific Type: Skeletal • Striated, voluntary • Long, cylindrical, multinucleated cells with obvious striations • The nuclei are pushed towards the cell membrane • Location: skeletal muscles (e.g. biceps, triceps, quadriceps)

  20. Specific Type: Smooth • Nonstriated, involuntary • Spindle shaped cells with one centrally located nucleus • Location: walls of blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, urinary bladder, GI tract, respiratory tract

  21. Specific Type: Cardiac • Striated, involuntary • Short branching striated, usually large central uni-nucleated • Cells which fit tightly together at junctions called intercalated discs • Location: walls of heart

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