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Types of Chemical Reactions and Balancing Equations in Chemistry

This article discusses different types of chemical reactions, provides examples, and explains how to balance chemical equations. It also includes a mini-lab with cool chemical reactions and a homework assignment.

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Types of Chemical Reactions and Balancing Equations in Chemistry

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  1. CHEMISTRY November 10, 2011

  2. Brain Teaser • Identify the type of reaction: • H2 + O2 H2O • CaSO4 + KOH  Ca(OH) 2 + K2SO4 • KClO3 KCl + O2 • AgNO3 + Cu  Cu(NO3) 2 + Ag • Write the chemical equation: • Magnesium reacts with chlorine gas in the air to form magnesium chloride

  3. Agenda • Brain Teaser • Review Types of Reactions • Notes: Balancing Equation • Cool Chemical Reactions Mini-Lab • Homework • Complete Reaction Types Worksheet 1 • Balance Equations in Lab Packet

  4. Review • 4 Types of Chemical Reactions • Synthesis: A + B  AB (1 product) • Decomposition: (1 reactant) AB  A + B • Single replacement: X + AB  XB + A • Double replacement: AB + XY  AY + XB

  5. Balancing Equation Word Equations • Describes a chemical reaction that occurs using the names of the chemicals involved. • Reactants versus Products • An arrow is written between the reactants and products to indicate that chemical change is occurring • For example: 2H2 + O2 2H2O

  6. Balancing Equation • Atoms involved in a chemical reaction must be balanced. • Same number of atoms of each element on both sides of a chemical equation. • Unbalanced equation • Balance the equation by adding coefficients in front of the compounds • Coefficients: number of molecules of a particular compound • Subscripts: number of atoms of each element in the compound

  7. Balancing Equation • Write the word equation • Write the CORRECT formula for all reactants and products • Balance the equation by using coefficients • NEVER change the subscripts in the formula to balance the equation • Elements need to be balanced from either side of the equation • Start with the first element and work right of the equation • Balance the number of oxygen and hydrogen atoms after all the other elements have been balanced. • Go back and double check that all elements are balanced • BOX your coefficients when finished • USE PENCIL only!

  8. Balancing Equation • Inspection Method • Algebraic Method

  9. Balancing Equation • Inspection Method • Aluminum reacts with oxygen to produce aluminum oxide • Chlorine reacts with lithium bromide to produce lithium chloride and bromine gas

  10. Balancing Equation • Algebraic Method • Aluminum oxide reacts with sodium phosphate to produce aluminum phosphate and sodium oxide • Hydrogen gas and nitrogen monoxide react to form water and nitrogen gas

  11. Practice Problems • ___Ca(CN)2 + __AlF3 __CaF2 + ___Al(CN)3 • Potassium phosphate + Calcium hydroxide  Calcium phosphate + Potassium hydroxide

  12. Balancing Chemical Equations • Refer to Practice Worksheet

  13. Cool Chemical Reactions • Objectives: • Write 4 chemical equations to explain the chemical reactions • Balance the equations • Record qualitative observations • Procedures: • Read each procedure carefully before beginning. Goggles are required! • Restore Station Before Switching • DO NOT dump any chemicals down the sink • Waste  Waste Container • DO NOT cross contaminate chemicals • Burning Split Test • Oxygen Gas • Carbon Dioxide Gas • Hydrogen Gas 

  14. Cool Chemical Reactions • Station 1: The Sparkler • Hold Mg strip with tongs and ignite with Bunsen burner • Station 2: The Fire Extinguisher • Place 1 little scoop of sodium bicarbonate (2 cm deep) into a test tube • Add drops of HCl slowly into the test tube (fizz) • Have a burning splint ready to test for the gas produced • Discard solution into the sink and was clean test tube

  15. Cool Chemical Reactions • Station 3: Spy Writing • Dip one end of Q-tip in lead (II) nitrate • Draw and Let it Dry • Dip other end of Q-tip in potassium iodide • Wipe over writing. Let it dry • Dipose Q-tip in Waste Container. Wash your hands! • DO NOT TOUCH the chemicals on the paper!

  16. Cool Chemical Reactions • Station 4: Hear it Pop • Add a piece of Mg ribbon into a test tube • Add 1 pipette full of 3M hydrochloric acid • Immediately place a stopper on the test tube to collect the gas produced • Have a burning splint ready to test for the gas produced. Remove the stopper and test for gas • DO NOT submerge splint into the liquid (DEMO) • Discard content into Waste Beaker

  17. Cool Chemical Reactions • A. Procedure (NEED TO WEAR GOGGLES!) • B. Observations: Refer to Handout • C. Write the chemical equation and BALANCE! • Don’t forget Cl2, I2, F2, Br2, O2, H2, N2 • D. Refer to the handout

  18. Cool Chemical Reactions Lab Report Refer to Rubric

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