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Classification of Matter

Classification of Matter. Matter. Can it be separated?. YES. NO. Mixtures. Substances. Is the composition uniform?. NO. Can it be decomposed by ordinary chemical means?. YES. YES. NO. Homogenous mixture. Heterogeneous mixture. Elements. Compounds. (gold, silver, carbon).

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Classification of Matter

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  1. Classification of Matter Matter Can it be separated? YES NO Mixtures Substances Is the composition uniform? NO Can it be decomposed by ordinary chemical means? YES YES NO Homogenous mixture Heterogeneous mixture Elements Compounds (gold, silver, carbon) (water, sodium chloride) blood, chocolate chip cookie, sand sugar in water

  2. Properties of Matter • Extensive- depend on the amount of matter that is present • Volume, mass • Intensive- do not depend on the amount of matter present • Melting point, boiling point, density

  3. Physical Properties and Physical Changes • Physical Property: characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance • Melting point, boiling point • Physical Change: change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance • Cutting, boiling, grinding, melting, dissolving

  4. Chemical Properties and Changes • Chemical Property: relates to the substance’s ability to undergo changes that transform into different substances • Ability of iron to rust when combined with oxygen in the air • Chemical Change: change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances • Burning, combustion, decomposition

  5. Physical or Chemical? • Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius • Diamonds are capable of cutting glass • Water can be separated by electrolysis into hydrogen and oxygen • Sugar is capable of dissolving in water • Vinegar will react with baking soda • Yeast acts on sugar to form carbon dioxide and ethanol • Wood is flammable P P C P C C C

  6. Which statement describes a chemical property of hydrogen gas? (1) Hydrogen gas burns in air. (2) Hydrogen gas is colorless. (3) Hydrogen gas has a density of 0.000 09 g/cm3at STP. (4) Hydrogen gas has a boiling point of 20. K at standard pressure.

  7. Separating Mixtures • Filtration • Vaporization • Decanted • Centrifuge (based on density) • Chromatography (based on polarity) • Magnetism • Density

  8. Diatomic Elements • Chemical elements whose stable form at STP consists of diatomic molecules • Iodine I2 • Bromine Br2 • Chlorine Cl2 • Fluorine F2 • Oxygen O2 • Nitrogen N2 • Hydrogen H2

  9. Symbols • s= solid • l = liquid • g = gas • aq = aqueous (dissolved in water)

  10. Metals are on left • Non-metals are on right • Transition metals are in the middle • Metalloids or semi-metals on “Boron staircase”

  11. Elements which are gases at room temperature • Hydrogen • Helium • Fluorine • Chlorine • Neon • Argon • Krypton • Xenon • Radon • Oxygen • Nitrogen

  12. Elements that are liquids at room temperature • Bromine • Mercury • All other elements are solids at room temperature

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