Colonial North America: Geographic Diversity and its Influence

1. New England/Middle/Southern Colonies 1607-1733 Describe how geographic diversity influenced economic, social and political life in colonial North America.

2. New England Colonies • New Hampshire • Massachusetts • Connecticut • Rhode Island

3. New England Geography • Soil was generally rocky, making farming difficult

4. New England Economy • Largely dependent on the ocean • Fishing (codfish) • Whaling • Trapping • Shipbuilding • Logging

5. New England Religion • Puritans came over from England to practice religion without persecution • Strict rules and were intolerant of other religions

6. 1629 Massachusetts Bay Colony • Settled by Puritans • “We shall be as a City upon a Hill” –John Winthrop • Colonial leader • Only church members could vote • Sent away anyone who disagreed

7. 1620 Plymouth Colony • Pilgrims settle in North America to escape religious persecutions • Before landing, they wrote an agreement called the Mayflower Compact • 1st Direct Democracy • Settled in Cape Cod/Massachusetts

8. Plymouth Colony • William Bradford was the leader of the colony • Squanto helped the Pilgrims survive the first hard years

9. Middle Colonies • New York • Pennsylvania • New Jersey • Delaware

10. Middle Colonies Geography • Climate with warm summers and cold winters • Geography ranged from coastal plains along the coastline, piedmont in the middle, and mountains farther inland

11. Middle Colonies Economy • Largely agricultural, most notably grains and oats • Big cities such as Philadelphia and New York were major shipping hubs • Blacksmiths, silversmiths, wheelwrights

12. Middle Colonies Religion • Religious tolerance attracted immigrants from a wide-range of foreign countries who practiced many different religions • Quakers, Catholics, Jews, Lutherans and Presbyterians

13. Southern Colonies • Maryland • Virginia • North Carolina • South Carolina • Georgia

14. Southern Colonies Geography • Warm climate with hot summers and mild winters • Soil was perfect for farming and the growing season was longer than in any other region.

15. Southern Colonies Economy • Based entirely on farming • Rice, indigo, tobacco, sugarcane, and cotton were cash crops • Crops were grown on large plantations where slaves and indentured servants worked the land.

16. Southern Religion • Southern Colonies were Anglican (Baptist or Presbyterian) • Original settlers from the Maryland colony were Catholic

17. Roanoke ColonyNorth Carolina • 1585 Sir Walter Raleigh claims 1st English Colony in N.A. • Governor John White: returns to England for supplies in 1587 • Spanish Armada 1588 • War broke out between England and Spain • This war delays White’s return • Upon arrival in 1590, settlers had vanished • Referred to as Lost Colony

18. Lost Colony

19. Virginia • 1607 Jamestown • 1st English permanent settlement • John Smith Leader of the colony • Saved Jamestown by trading with the Powhatan Indians • John Rolfe learned how to grow tobacco

20. 1619 House of Burgesses • 1st Representative Democracy in North America • One Governor • 6 Councilors • 20 burgesses elected

21. Colonial Writing Assignment If traveling across North America during the colonial period, what would you notice that each region developed a distinct economic life. How did the economies of the Southern, Middle, and New England colonies differ? What led to the development of these differences? Explain. 1 page paper typed 12 font double spaced OR 2 page paper handwritten.