Age of Revolution

1. Age of Revolution American Revolution

2. American Revolution • England established 13 colonies between 1607 and 1733. • The first permanent English settlement was Jamestown, settled in 1607 in Virginia. • In 1620 the colony of Plymouth was settled by Pilgrims seeking freedom of religion.

3. Jamestown • Founded in 1607 • Created by the Virginia Company (joint- stock company) • Goal: Make $$$ • 1st Permanent English Settlement in New World

4. Jamestown • Tobacco: Virginia Gold • John Rolfe • Plantations (large farms) created • Cash Crop economy

5. Jamestown • Indentured Servants • Plantation Workers: • 5-7 year service agreement • Pay for voyage • Food & shelter • Land after contract completed

6. Slavery • Slaves replace indentured servants • Middle Passage: Journey from Africa to America • Part of the Triangular Trade • Slave Codes: Harsh laws against slaves • Slave Response: • Suicide, vandalism, revolts

8. “Coffin” Position Below Deck

9. Pilgrims 1620: Arrive @ Plymouth William Bradford: Pilgrim leader Separatists: Believed Church of England was corrupt. Never to return to England.

10. Life in America • Land was cheaper in the New World than England • People could earn money and not be poor. • For more than 150 years, England pretty much left the colonists alone. All that changed in 1763 after the end of the French and Indian War.

11. England & Colonial America Salutary Neglect: English policy of leaving the colonies to develop on their own. The main goal of England: To make money

12. MercantilismEconomic idea Mother Country Finished Products Raw Materials & Gold/Silver Colony

13. French & Indian War(1754 – 1763) • The first major step in the road to Revolution

14. Causes • Desire to control the Ohio River Valley • Lingering hostilities between the French and British & the Indians and Colonists • George Washington’s attack @ Fort Duquesne

15. Treaty of Paris(1763) • Ends the War • France removed from North America • Great Britain emerged as dominant world power • Colonies have an increased confidence in military strength

17. George Grenville • British Prime Minister (1763-1765) • Tax colonists to pay debt • Sugar Act & Stamp Act

18. Stamp Act • Tax applied to all paper documents • Colonists should pay their fair share of colonial defense

19. Boston Massacre(March 5,1770) • British soldiers fire on an unruly mob • Crispus Attucks What is a massacre?

20. Tea Act (1773) • British East India Co: Monopoly on American tea trade • Lowers the price of tea • Colonists reaction: • Boston Tea Party

21. Massachusetts Defies Britain • In December 1773, tea ships from the East India Company arrived in Boston Harbor • Colonists boarded the ship and dumped the tea into the harbor • This became known as the Boston Tea Party • The Boston Tea Party led to the British passing four new laws called the Coercive Acts.

23. Massachusetts Defies Britain • These acts were an attempt to stop colonial challenges of British authority • The Coercive Acts violated several English rights, including the right to trial by a jury of one’s peers and the right not to have troops quartered in one’s home • The Quebec Act gave more territory to Quebec and stated that a governor and council appointed by the king would run Quebec.

24. Massachusetts Defies Britain • The Coercive Acts and the Quebec Act became known as the Intolerable Acts. • The First Continental Congress met in Philadelphia in 1774. • The congress wrote the Declaration of Rights and Grievances, which expressed loyalty to the king but condemned the Coercive Acts and announced that the colonies were forming a nonimportation association

25. Intolerable Acts (1774) • Closed Boston harbor • Massachusetts charter revoked • Colonists must house troops

26. The Revolution Begins • The town of Concord created a special unit of minutemen, trained and ready to fight the British at a minute’s warning. • The American Revolution was not just a war between Americans and British but a war between Loyalists and Patriots. • Americans called Loyalists, or Tories, remained loyal to the king and felt British laws should be upheld.

27. The Revolution Begins • The group included government officials, prominent merchants, landowners, and a few farmers. • The Patriots, or Whigs, thought the British were tyrants. • Patriots included artisans, farmers, merchants, planters, lawyers, and urban workers.

28. Lexington & Concord • Paul Revere, William Dawes, and Doctor Samuel Prescott rode from Boston to warn Lexington and Concord. • Paul Revere and William Dawes was stopped in Lexington, but Dr. Prescott was able to continue to Concord and warn the Minutemen

29. Lexington & Concord • British search for: colonial weapons, Sam Adams and John Hancock • Casualties: • 8 colonists killed • 70 “Redcoats” killed, 300 injuries total

30. Lexington and Concord • This was the first shots of the American Revolutionary War. “The shot heard ‘round the world.” • There was no turning back now and the world would take notice of what occurred here.

31. Americans Win Independence • The Influence of the Enlightenment • Colonial leaders push for independence, rely on Enlightenment ideas • Declaration of Independence—document justifying colonial rebellion • Leader Thomas Jefferson writes Declaration, uses ideas of John Locke

32. Declaration of Independence • Main author: Thomas Jefferson • 3 Parts: Preamble, grievances, formal declaration

33. Declaration of Independence • Goal: Tell colonists and other countries of our plans • Gain support from more colonists and countries (France and Spain)

34. Concepts of the Declaration • John Locke • British philosopher • Two Treatises on Government

35. Natural Rights • Life, Liberty, Property • Rulers cannot take these rights away

36. Social Contract • People = Power • People create government • protect their rights

37. Social Contract If rights are not protected…….. …….People should break their contract

38. Battle of Saratoga 10/17/1777 • Turning point of war • France give full support to colonists

39. Yorktown (1781) • Last major battle of the war • French naval blockade • Washington’s army forced General Cornwallis to surrender

40. Americans Win Independence • Success for the Colonists • Despite British military might, colonists have advantages: • Motivating cause of freedom • French assistance • War’s expense for Britain • British surrender at Yorktown in 1781; colonists win the war

41. A World Turned Upside Down • The Declaration of Independence said that “all men are created equal.” • The declaration also said that people had a right to choose their own form of government. • In 1789, the people of France followed the lead of the Americans. • The French also turned their world upside down.