The New England, Middle, and Southern Colonies

1. The New England, Middle, and Southern Colonies Unit 1, Lesson 3

2. Essential Idea • The New England colonies were largely settled for religious reasons. • Following the English Civil War, the Middle and Southern colonies were settled.

3. Religious Problems in England • Puritans- wanted to “purify” the Anglican Church through reform • Separatists- decided the Anglican Church was too corrupt to be reformed and left England • Pilgrims- this group of Separatists sailed to America in 1620

4. Pilgrims Arrive • On the Mayflower, the Pilgrims and others sailed for Virginia but landed at what is now Massachusetts • The colonists signed the Mayflower Compact, agreeing to establish a government ruled by majority • The colonists formed Plymouth (1620), led by William Bradford

5. Early Troubles • Plymouth suffered from a plague that left only 50 alive • The colonists also struggled to grow food in the cold and rocky environment • Squanto, from the Wampanoag tribe, taught colonists how to grow food • In 1621, the Wampanoag and colonists celebrated a successful harvest (basis for Thanksgiving)

6. Massachusetts Bay Colony • In 1630, Puritans (non-Separatist) left England to escape persecution • They formed Massachusetts Bay Company and left for America, led by John Winthrop • Winthrop wanted the colony to be a Christian model for the world, calling it a “city upon a hill”

7. Puritans Migrate • Great Puritan Migration- over 20,000 Puritans left England for America • Eventually (1691), Plymouth was absorbed into the much larger Massachusetts Bay colony • Boston became a major city and eventually the beginning point of the American Revolution

8. Massachusetts Bay Government • The General Court and churches were governed separately but were closely related • The General Court passed laws regulating moral behavior and supporting churches with taxes • Churches were governed by “church members” who had had “conversion experiences”

9. The Puritans and Heresy • Puritans had no tolerance for heretics, (people who disagreed with the church) • Roger Williams was banished from Massachusetts for heresy • Williams helped establish Rhode Island, where he allowed religious freedom • Anne Hutchinson was also banished when she challenged the authority of Puritan leaders

10. New Hampshire (and Maine) • The land above Massachusetts was split into New Hampshire and Maine • New Hampshire became a royal colony • Maine was considered part of Massachusetts until 1820

11. Connecticut • Thomas Hooker founded Connecticut so non-church members could participate in government too • Fundamental Orders of Connecticut- first written Constitution in America

12. War with Indians (again) • Overall, these northern colonies (future states) became known as “New England” • The Wampanoag and New Englanders initially got along through trading for furs • Over time, New Englanders wanted more land and wanted the Wampanoag to adopt English laws, customs, and Christianity

13. King Philip’s War • Tension peaked with the outbreak of King Philip’s War in 1675 • The Wampanoag were led by “King Philip” (Metacomet) • The colonists killed King Philip and destroyed many Indian villages • King Philip’s War represented the last major stand of Indians against New Englanders • How did Chesapeake and New England colonists compare in their relationships with American Indians?

15. New England in 1650

16. The Dutch Settle in America • The Middle Colonies are Settled: • The Dutch (Netherlands) settled the area between England’s New England and Chesapeake colonies • Henry Hudson explored the region that the Dutch claimed as “New Netherland” • The main settlement, on Manhattan Island, was called “New Amsterdam”

18. England Takes New Netherland • The English Civil War had disrupted English settlement in America • Following its Civil War, England used its superior military to easily take New Netherland from the Dutch • New Netherland became “New York” and New Amsterdam became “New York City” • New York City, like Boston, became a major trading area • New York

19. Quakers • A religious group arose in England known as the Quakers (Society of Friends) • Quakers were pacifist (anti-violence) and believed in religious toleration • Quakers thought everyone had an “inner light” and believed all sexes and races were equal

20. Pennsylvania • The English king granted William Penn, a Quaker, land in America that became Pennsylvania • Pennsylvania had complete religious and political freedom and Philadelphia was the capital • Pennsylvanians respected Indians and coexisted with them peacefully (unlike most English colonies) • A wider variety of European immigrants came to Pennsylvania than any other colony • Quakers in Pennsylvania

22. The Carolinas • Carolina: • Carolina was established as a single colony but developed into two separate regions

23. South Carolina • Had good harbors and wealthy port cities (like Charles Town) • The slave trade flourished here

24. North Carolina • Bad harbors, contained many poor farmers and few slaves • Independent-minded people moved in from Virginia and South Carolina

25. Georgia • Georgia was settled as a refuge for England’s poor people • Slavery and alcohol were initially banned • Georgia was a “buffer colony” between English colonies and Spanish-owned Florida