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The Early Years of the War

Chapter 7, Section 1. The Early Years of the War. Americans Divided. Loyalists vs. Patriots Not everyone wanted independence 20-30% Loyalists Native Americans divided too Fear Americans would take land African-Americans British offered freedom Some joined Americans

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The Early Years of the War

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  1. Chapter 7, Section 1 The Early Years of the War

  2. Americans Divided • Loyalists vs. Patriots • Not everyone wanted independence • 20-30% Loyalists • Native Americans divided too • Fear Americans would take land • African-Americans • British offered freedom • Some joined Americans • Some families split too

  3. Creating an Army • Problems building an Army: • Not everyone wanted to join • 1 year of service? • When time was up they went home • Never more than 17,000 soldiers • Women tried to help • Cooks • Laundry • Nurses Deborah Sampson Mary Hays “Molly Pitcher”

  4. Struggle for the Middle States • Washington moved troops to New York • British kept to coastal cities • Waited for reinforcements • Hessian mercenaries • British and Colonists fought for New York • Colonial Army defeated • Retreated through New Jersey • Trenton and Princeton • Washington needed quick victory

  5. Britain’s Strategy • British overall plan: • Seize Hudson Valley • Cut off New England from other colonies • British Army from Canada • Moved south to meet up with General Howe • Re-captured Ft. Ticonderoga • Beat up by terrain and militia • Howe did not meet with them

  6. Battles Along the Mohawk • August 1777 • Iroquois natives fighting for British • Supported St. Leger’s forces from Canada • Colonial General Benedict Arnold • Led small Army into Mohawk Valley • Spread rumor that he had much larger army • St. Leger’s troops tricked • Many fled leaving supplies

  7. Saratoga: A Turning Point • Colonial General Horatio Gates • Set up fortifications on ridge near Saratoga, NY • Goal was to stop British Army from getting to Albany, NY Battle of Saratoga • Sept-Oct, 1777 • British attacked • Benedict Arnold attacked British flank • British and mercenaries fell back • Colonists surrounded British • British forced to surrender

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