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The Early Years of War

The Early Years of War. Accompanying Notes for Chapter 11 Section 1. Objective. Evaluate the preparation and strategies of both North and South at the beginning of the Civil War. Sectional Comparison. The Union . The Confederacy. Population: 23 States 22 million people

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The Early Years of War

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  1. The Early Years of War Accompanying Notes for Chapter 11 Section 1

  2. Objective • Evaluate the preparation and strategies of both North and South at the beginning of the Civil War

  3. Sectional Comparison The Union The Confederacy • Population: • 23 States • 22 million people • Military Man Power: • Outnumbered Confederacy • 2.5: 1 • Population: • 11 States • 9 million people (including 3.5 million slaves) • Military Advantages • Best Commanders • Better Trained • Accustomed to Outdoor life

  4. Sectional Comparison (Cont.) The Union The Confederacy • Resource Production • 97% of firearm production • 96% of all Railroad equipment • Vast majority of manufactured products • Transportation • More Draft Animals, steamboats, wagons and trains • Strategic, Psychological and Tactical Advantages: • “Home Court Advantage” • Defending their way of life

  5. Military Strategy • North: • General Winfield Scott’s ANACONDA PLAN • Starve out the South by cutting off the rivers • Not popular, because Lincoln wanted to attack! • Surround, Squeeze, Attack! • South: • Defensive Plan • Force the North to occupy the Southern Territory • Did not always follow this plan • War of Attrition • Hope for European Help

  6. Strategy (Cont) • Total War • On War, by von Clausewitz • Use all manpower, resources, capital, and mindset to crush your enemies desire to exist

  7. The First Battle of Bull Run (July, 1961) • AKA… The First Battle of Manassass • Union hoped for a quick victory to end the war • Poorly Trained Troops led by Irving McDowell • Traveled Slowly • Confederates Prepared and Waited • The Engagement • Picnickers watched the Battle • Union appeared to be Winning • “Stonewall” Jackson • Union fled back to Washington

  8. Fallout in the North • Lincoln asked Congress for emergency measures • New Presidential Powers • Increase the size of the army • Call for volunteers • Draft • Borrow money • First Income Tax • Greenbacks • Contract for supplies and equipment • Appoint officers • Martial Law and Suspension the writ of habeas corpus • Rule by Military Authorities • Hold people in jail without filing charges

  9. Opposition to the War • Draft Riots • NYC: 100+ people died • Copperheads • Northern Democrats • Afraid of a flood of blacks to the North • Promoted desertion and draft riots

  10. Lincoln’s Northern Generals Southern Field Commanders: Joe Johnston, Robert E. Lee

  11. The Emancipation Proclamation • Preserve and Protect the Union January, 1863 “I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, by virtue of the power in me vested as Commander-in-Chief, of the Army and Navy of the United States in time of actual armed rebellion against the authority and government of the United States, and as a fit and necessary war measure for suppressing said rebellion…do order and declare that all persons held as slaves within said designated States, and parts of States, are and henceforward shall be free…”

  12. Reaction to emancipation • Whites… • Not far enough… • No freedom in the Border States • No freedom in Union controlled land • Fear… • Blacks moving North and stealing jobs • Black Response... • Looked forward to freedom at the end of the war • Europe… • Secured GB and France staying out of the war

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