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Cells

Cells. Cell Discovery 1665. Robert Hooke: Around the time of Newton discovered the cell Saw dead cells of a cork plant Called them cells because they related to his ‘cell’. Cell Discovery 1673. Antony van Leeuwenhoek Saw first live cell. Cell Theory 150 Years Later.

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Cells

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  1. Cells

  2. Cell Discovery1665 • Robert Hooke: Around the time of Newton • discovered the cell • Saw dead cells of a cork plant • Called them cells because they related to his ‘cell’

  3. Cell Discovery1673 • Antony van Leeuwenhoek • Saw first live cell

  4. Cell Theory150 Years Later • All living things are composed of one or more cells • Cells are the basic units of structure and function in an organism • Cells come only from the reproduction of existing cells

  5. Cell Diversity • 200 different types of cells in our body • Most are microscopic • Few can be seen without a microscope • Frog egg cells • Giraffe nerve cell in leg (2 meters long)

  6. Cell Shapes • Why are cells shaped differently? Shape Determines Function!!

  7. What does a nerve cell look like? How does a skin cell appear? Cell Shapes

  8. Cell Shapes • What about a white blood cell? • Why?? Shape Determines Function!!

  9. Internal Organization • Cells have structures called organelles • Perform specific functions in the cell • Like miniature organs

  10. Why are Cells so Small? • Surface area to volume ratio!! • As a cell gets larger, it adds volume faster than it adds surface area • (In English) The bigger the inside, the less area there is on the outside for stuff to pass through • Modeling Activity

  11. Animal Cell OrganellesTaken from www.cellsalive.com • Nucleus: Brain • Control center of the cell • Surrounded by 2 membranes • DNA found here

  12. Smooth ER Lacks Ribosomes Synthesizes fats Rough ER Contains ribosomes Synthesizes proteins Animal Cell Organelles Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Smooth & Rough

  13. Animal Cell Organelles • Golgi Apparatus (golgi body): UPS Center • Packages and transports moleules

  14. Animal Cell Organelles • Lysosomes: Police force & Recycle Center • Digest invaders (such as bacteria) • Recycle materials from old organelles

  15. Animal Cell Organelles • Mitochondrion: Power house • Provide the cell with energy • ATP important here • Surrounded by 2 membranes

  16. Animal Cell Organelles • Cytosol: Soup of the cell • “Bathes” other organelles with nutrients • Cell membrane: Gatekeeper • Controls what goes in or out of the cell

  17. Plant Cell Organelles • Vacuole: Landfill & Scaffolding • Stores water, chemicals, and wastes • Important in plant rigidity

  18. Plant Cell Organelles • Chloroplasts: Photosynthesis factories • Photosynthesis occurs here • Gives plants their green color • Surrounded by 2 membranes

  19. Plant Cell Organelles • Cell wall: Shape & Protection • Provides plants with their shape (no bones) • Protects the plant (no skin)

  20. Prokaryote Cell Organelles • Single Cell • Cell wall • No nucleus • Nuclear region • No membrane bound organelles

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