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The Federalist Era

Explore the key advisors to President Washington during the Federalist Era and the implementation of Alexander Hamilton's financial plan. Learn about the establishment of the Federal Court system and the challenges faced with opposition from Thomas Jefferson and the Anti-Federalists.

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The Federalist Era

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  1. 1789-1800 The Federalist Era

  2. Cabinet: key advisors to the President • Treasury: Alexander Hamilton • State: Thomas Jefferson • War: Henry Knox • Attorney General: Edmund Randolph • Federal Court System • Judiciary Act of 1789- Established Federal Court system including the Supreme Court Washington’s Presidency

  3. Hamilton’s Financial Plan • Pay off national debt and assume the state’s debt. ($52 million) • Protect infant industries and raise revenue by placing tariffs on imported goods. • Create a national bank • Opposition mounted, led by Thomas Jefferson and the Anti-Federalists. Washington’s Presidency

  4. Hamilton’s Plan Implemented • Debt: Wanted to pay off debt by selling govt. bonds. • Tariffs: Passed but lower than Hamilton wanted. Excise or Sin tax passed on whiskey to generate revenue. • National Bank: Bank of the United States passed when Washington supports Hamilton, would regulate state banks. Washington’s Presidency First National Bank

  5. Issue in western Pennsylvania where rural farmers made whiskey rather than transporting grain through the mountains. Farmers resisted the whiskey tax by intimidating and attacking tax collectors. With orders from Washington, Hamilton marched with 12,000 militiamen to put down the rebellion. Most rebels ran away Hamilton said it showed the power and need of a strong central government. Jefferson mocked them saying there was no rebellion to put down. Whiskey Rebellion (1794) Washington watching Army depart for the rebellion

  6. Foreign Affairs • The French Revolution • The Proclamation of Neutrality (1793) • The Jay Treaty (1794) • British are to remove English forts • U.S. to repay pre-war debts • XYZ Affair • Domestic Concerns • Native Americans • Whiskey Rebellion (1794) • New States: Vermont (1791), Kentucky (1792), Tennessee (1793) From Washington to Adams

  7. Development of Political Parties Federalists • Lead by Hamilton & Adams • Supported strong central govt. • Loose construction of Constitution • Pro British • Wanted economy based on industry and trade Democratic-Republicans • Lead Jefferson & Madison • Supported strong state govt. (known as states’ rights) • Strict construction of Constitution • Pro French • Wanted economy based on farming

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