Opening Discussion (3/14/11)

1. Opening Discussion (3/14/11) • How do the Germanic traditions and customs differ from the Roman traditions and customs? • Why is the relationship between the Franks and the Roman Christian Church so vital for each side? • How does the Frankish tradition of splitting territory among all sons cause problems for the Merovingian and Carolingian Kingdoms of the Franks? ENDURING UNDERSTANDINGS FOR TODAY’S LESSON • Feudalism is a political structure that relies on agreements among rulers and the people that they rule. • Manorialism is an economic and social structure based upon farming, self-sufficiency, and the local authority of nobles and lords.

2. Opening Discussion (3/16/11) ENDURING UNDERSTANDINGS FOR TODAY’S LESSON • Feudalism is a political structure that relies on agreements among rulers and the people that they rule. • Manorialism is an economic and social structure based upon farming, self-sufficiency, and the local authority of nobles and lords. • Social Structures of Civilizations rely on a large amount of people supporting the lifestyle and needs of a small minority.  Put your HW in the black tray on the middle table QUIZ HAS BEEN MOVED BACK ONE CLASS PERIOD Review will be posted online tonight

3. Terms to know: • Fief – piece of land granted by a king or lord to a lesser noble • Vassal – Title of person who receives a “fief” from a lord or noble • Primogeniture – the practice of passing all property from the father to the eldest son • Investiture – formal ceremony in which a lord grants land to his vassal to govern and use • Usually comes with a symbolic object too (sword, shield, etc..) • Serf – lowest class in feudal society and was tied to the land they worked (owned nothing) • Manorialsim – Economic structure of the Feudal Society – based upon manors that produced food through agriculture and self-sufficient.

4. The Feudal System • Political Structure of Middle Ages in Europe • Based upon feudal contracts and obligations • Characteristics: • Loyalty • Service • Social Hierarchies • Protection • “Fiefs” could be granted by kings/lords to the Roman Church in order to get favors from them • gave church officials large amount of land/property during the Middle Ages

5. On the Bottom of this were the Peasants and Serfs. They worked on the manor and provided food and services to the lords of their manors

7. Obligations of the Feudal System Kings/Lords provided Vassals with: Fiefs – grants of land Protection when needed Settles disputes between vassals Lords provided Vassals with: Allegiance (known as homage) Tribute – money or goods Military service when needed (knights) Hospitality and other services

8. Peasants/Serfs provide vassals with: Labor/Service for certain needs of the manor Help in defending manor when needed Labor on the land of the Lord (Lord’s Domain = 1/3 of the manor’s farming land) Vassals provide peasants/serfs on their manor with: Land to farm and make living off of Military protection against invasion Economic security and stability in bad times

10. MANORIALISM= ECONOMIC SYSTEM OF THE MIDDLE AGES

11. The Manor system is the economic system of the Middle Ages. Manors usually had a castle or fort and people migrated to these for protection. Every manor had to be self sufficient in order to survive (lack of trade). • Every Manor consisted of: • A large estate that included the manor house (lords home) • Pastures (for livestock – ex – sheep, cattle) • Fields for agriculture (farming) • A village (for the peasants) with a church, artisan buildings, and other various buildings

12. Self-sufficient – Basically had to be able to produce everything they needed on the Manor • they had to be able to produce their own food, clothing and leather goods • Usually found on a manor was: • Blacksmith • Carpenter • Shoemaker • Miller to grind grain • Vintner (wine maker) • Brewer

13. THE LORD’S DOMAIN • Typically in a manor the lord kept 1/3 of the land himself. • Called his Domain • He controls the manor and settles disputes • He is the ruler and his word was usually final

14. FARMING ON THE MANOR • Manor was usually located near a stream or river • Provided water for crops and power for a mill • Land that was used for farming was split into three fields • Only two fields were planted and one was left fallow, or unplanted

15. People who could be found on a Manor

16. BARONS AND LORDS • Received fief (land) in exchange for service to King • Controlled large amounts of land • Lived on a Manor • Provided income and soldiers to King • Serfs & Peasants worked the land in exchange for security and protection • Provided food, services, & clothing for the Lord

17. Clergy • Served a Lord and the Manor • Lived in monasteries or churches on Manor • Focused on serving the church • Received support from the Lord’s Manor –Lord, Knights, & Serfs provided needs

18. Knights • Received land from Lord in exchange for fighting • Starting training as a Paige at age of 7-8 • Became Squire at 13-14 • Knighthood at 18 years old • Lived by code of Chivalry

19. PEASANTS AND SERFS • Peasants had their own strip of land in each field • Paid the lord for the use of the land with crops or bread • Provide many types of labor including road, bridge or building repairs • Could not leave the manor without the Lord’s permission • Not allowed to hunt anywhere near the manor • Serfs owned nothing….