Indian English

1. Indian English

2. - Indian English oder South Asian English comprises several dialects. These dialects evolved during and after the period when Britian exercised colonial rule over India. -English is one of the official languages of India, fewer than a quarter of a million people speak English as their first language, other speakers use it as a second or third language after their indigenous Indian language(s) General features

3. - The form of English that Indians and all the other people of the subcontinent are taught in schools is essentially British English. A socially-superior accent is deemed to be that of Received Pronounciation. Phonological features

4. -Because of the growing influence of American culture in recent decades, certain elements of American slang are now used by some Indians, especially younger ones. American-English spellings are also widely used in scientific and technical publications, while British-English spellings are used in other media.

5. -many speakers do not differentiate between the vowel sounds /ɛ/ (as in "dress") and /æ/ (as in <trap>), except in cases where a minimal pair such as <bed>/<bad> exists in the vocabulary of the speaker. - When a long vowel is followed by "r", speakers of Indian English usually use a monophthong, instead of the diphthong used in almost all other accents. Thus "period" is pronounced [pirɪəd] instead of [pɪəɹɪəd].

6. - Indian English often uses strong vowels where other accents would have unstressed syllables or words. Thus "cottage" may be pronounced [kɒtedʒ] rather than [kɒtədʒ]. - Continuing the above point, the indefinite article <a> is often pronounced by many Indian English speakers as [eː], irrespective of whether it is stressed or unstressed. In native varieties of English, <a> is pronounced as [ə] when unstressed and as [eɪ] when stressed

7. - Many Indian English speakers do not make a clear distinction between /ɒ/ and /ɔː/. - Because of the previous characteristic many Indians pronounce words such as <flower> as [flaː(r)] instead of [flaʊə(r)], and <our> as [aː(r)] instead of [aʊə(r)]. -Sometimes, Indian speakers interchange /s/ and /z/, especially when plurals are being formed. -->”tree/z/“

8. Progressive tense in stative verbs They might say: I am liking it very much.Instead of: I like it very much. Incorrect Tag questions They might say: They did it, no? / He is here, isn’t it?/ She closed the door, did she?Instead of: They did it, didn’t they? / He is here, isn’t he?/ She closed the door, didn’t she? Syntactic Features

9. Word order variations They might say: My all closets are empty.Instead of: My closets are all empty. They might say: He does this always.Instead of: He always does this.

10. Omission of the definite article: e.g. "Let's go to city" instead of "Let's go to the city" Use of "told" instead of "said". An example would be "Ravi told he is going home" instead of "Ravi said he is going home" or "Ravi told me he is going home".

11. Pindrop silence! - Teachers in schools may say this to the kids. "Hotel" means "restaurant" in India: "I ate in the hotel". "Lodge" is used to refer to small hotels. So "Lodge" refers to a place where you stay and "Hotel" refers to a place where you eat. "Kindly" used to mean "please": "Kindly disregard the previous message".

12. The word "healthy" is used as an euphemism for fat -> "His build is on the healthy side" refers to a overweight person. Use of "reduce" means "to lose weight" as in "I need to reduce!"