56 th VFW Green Flag SEAD/ECM/EMCON Tactics & Techniques

1. 56th VFW Green Flag SEAD/ECM/EMCON Tactics & Techniques

2. Strategic and Tactical SAMs These systems are designed to use either radar or infrared as the primary sensor during aircraft engagement. There are four different types of radar guidance: Command Guidance: Missile commands are generated externally and up-linked to the missile. The missile has no seeker. In general, this requires both the missile and the target be tracked to determine the necessary intercept commands. Semi-Active Homing: The target is illuminated by an external source. A receiver in the missile uses the reflected radiation from the target to generate internal guidance commands, thus homing on the target. Ground-Aided Inertial: The missile receives uplinked target location data. The missile uses this information, in conjunction with its inertial navigation system, to generate its own guidance commands. Seeker-Aided Ground Guidance (SAGG)/Track-Via-Missile (TVM): The target is illuminated by the ground-based radar and the missile receives reflected energy from the target. Unlike conventional semi-active homing, the missile does not generate its own guidance commands. Instead, the missile transmits raw engagement data to the ground-based fire control system in order to generate and uplink guidance commands. TVM is similar to SAGG, however, additional processing is done onboard the missile prior to transmitting the engagement data to the ground based fire control system.

3. SA-2 GUIDELINE The combat proven SA-2 has been deployed in greater numbers than any other FSU SAM except the SA-7. The SA-2 is designed for use against medium to high altitude aircraft, such as bombers, and is simple and easy to operate with minimum specialized training. The SA-2’s FAN SONG fire control radar has been continuously updated to increase its performance and EP capability, although it historically has required a high number of missiles launched per kill. FAN SONG F incorporates an EO package to allow optical tracking of targets in heavy EA environments. Iraq has modified some of its SA-2 stockpile to accept an infrared homing seeker. Exports: Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Armenia, Belarus, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, China, Cuba, Czech Republic, Egypt, Ethiopia, Georgia, Hungary, India, Iran, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, North Korea, Libya, Mongolia, Mozambique, Pakistan, Peru, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Sudan, Syria, Tajikistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, and Yemen, Yugoslavia.

4. SA-2 GUIDELINE

6. SA-3 GOA Like the SA-2, the FSU SA-3 is placed in semi-fixed positions and is normally used in rear areas. Optimized for low to medium altitude engagements, it is commonly deployed with the SA-2 to provide full coverage air defense. The SA-3 is fired from a two or four missile launcher. The LOW BLOW radar provides fire control for the system. FLAT FACE and SQUAT EYE are the primary acquisition radars. A SIDE NET height-finding radar can also be deployed with SA-3. LOW BLOW can engage one target with two missiles. For operation in a jamming environment, later versions of the LOW BLOW have been fitted with TV optics that have a 15.5nm range. Exports: Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Armenia, Belarus, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Cuba, Egypt, Ethiopia, Finland, Georgia, Hungary, India, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, North Korea, Libya, Mali, Moldova, Mozambique, Peru, Poland, Russia, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia and Zambia.

7. SA-3 GOA